上海市石材加工行业粉尘危害作业分级研究

Study on classification of dust hazards in stone processing industries in Shanghai

目的根据职业病危害现场调查和检测结果 ,分析石材行业职业病危害作业分级,为行业监管提供参考建议。方法采用整群抽样的方法 ,对上海市120家建筑石材加工企业开展职业卫生现状调查,检测作业场所空气中粉尘浓度,并进行职业病危害作业分级。结果涉及矽尘(50%<游离二氧化硅含量≤80%)作业岗位均为高度危害作业,涉及大理石粉尘作业的岗位危害程度较轻;水磨岗位危害程度较轻,而干磨、切割和拉锯岗位的危害程度较重。结论上海市石材加工企业粉尘危害严重。应改进生产工艺流程,合理设置防护设施,以降低空气中的粉尘浓度。监管部门应制定石材行业职业病危害防治措施规范,并加强监督。

Objective The classification of dust hazards in stone processing industries was done to provide basic information for the governmental supervision. Methods One hundred and twenty stone processing industries in Shanghai were investigated. The dust levels at workplaces were measured and classification was made according to the national guideline. Results The workplaces involved in silica dust（50% free Si O2≤ 80%）were ranked as high risk,while the workplaces involved in marble dust were ranked as low risk. The process with water-milling had lower risk compared with that with dry-milling,cutting or sawing.Conclusion Stone processing industries should improve technology and install protective facilities in order to decrease the airborne dust concentration at workplaces.