攀西地区特色产业扶贫发展经验研究——以攀枝花市米易县为例

The Experience of Using Poverty Alleviation with Characteristic Industries in the Region of the Panzhihua-Xichang——Taking Miyi County of Panzhihua as a Case Study

攀西地区得天独厚的气候条件孕育着特色产业发展的巨大优势,该地区充分利用其特有的气候条件,依托独特的资源优势,实施特色产业扶贫战略,积极走现代化、标准化、规模化的生态发展之路,大力发展早、稀、特、优等现代特色产业,加快产业结构调整,积极带动农民增收致富,农村经济实力和农业发展活力不断增强,农业增产增效、农民持续增收,为当地群众脱贫发展做出了积极贡献。本文以攀西地区米易县为研究案例,积极探索该区域特色产业脱贫发展经验,对类似气候条件下特色产业扶贫发展提供一个可供参考的研究个案,以便能充分地开发利用特殊气候下的自然资源,实现长效扶贫,促进当地群众脱贫致富积极创造条件。

Miyi county lies along the southeast edge of Qinghai- Tibetan plateau. It is in the southwest corner of Sichuan province,to the northeast of Panzhihua,and lies at the intersection of the Yalong River and its tributary the Anning River. It covers an area of 2,153 square kilometers,and has a total population of 217,000,among which 179,000 are farmers. There are 12 townships and 26 different ethnic groups in Miyi county,including Han,Yi,Lisu,Hui,Miao,Bai,Tujia,etc. The total population of ethnic people is 41,516,which accounts for 19. 2% of the total population of the county. In recent years,in order to alleviate poverty and achieve prosperity,Miyi county seized opportunities provided by the state to develop modern agriculture,by promoting an agricultural- industrial base,uncovering the advantages of ＂characteristic＂modern industries,transforming and promoting these industries,and making efforts to realize the county＇s prosperity through developing agriculture.In the summer of 2014,I visited several local units of Miyi county,including the Poverty Alleviation Bureau,Migrant Affairs Bureau,Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Bureau,Ethnic Religious Affairs Bureau,Statistics Bureau,and Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau. I also interviewed some villagers so as to understand Miyi＇s situation for developing characteristic industries to alleviate poverty.Before 2014,the economy of Miyi was still very backward. In recent years,in order to in-crease the income from agriculture and help the masses to alleviate poverty and achieve prosperity,Miyi county,depending on the advantage of its unique climate,has tried to build a characteristic modern agricultural base. The county focused on developing five characteristic industries,namely,characteristic vegetables,characteristic fruits,high- quality tobacco,organic aquatic products and standardized cultivation of domestic animals. Moreover,the county has gradually promoted the industrialization of agriculture and improved the quality and safety of agricultural products. It has efficiently increased agricultural benefits and the farmers＇ income. Miyi county＇s poverty alleviation through characteristic industries has experienced the following：1. Innovated the System,and Enhanced of the Leadership The Miyi County Government has paid strong attention to the development of characteristic industries; insisted on using a new- type of industrial thought to make plans for the development of agriculture,used a new- type of urbanization theory to construct the rural areas,and used examples of modernized agriculture to guide the farmers. The county government produced monographs and studies on rural work,new- rural area construction,and an overall plan for urban and rural development,rural land circulation,industry development,etc. Moreover,the local government also makes a quarterly analysis on the situation of rural economicoperations,and has carefully explored the economic development trends of the agriculture and rural areas.2. Enhanced the Construction of Basic Infrastructure,and Promoted Sustainable Economic Development The Miyi County government has actively tried to obtain financial support from the upper levels,integrated funds from various departments,fully used various kinds of funds,enhanced the basic construction of high- standard farming land,built national modern farming demonstration zones,and national modern comprehensive farming development industrial parks,and enhanced the sustainable development of agriculture.3. Promoted Reform of Property Rights,and Stimulated Development Vitality The Miyi County government has deepened the reform of property rights; has sped up the construction of a comprehensive service center for rural land circulation; has built a platform concerning the circulation of rural property rights,transaction and financing; has explored an institutional model for practicing the pledges,guarantees,and transfers of rural property rights; and has steadily promoted a standard,proper and reasonable circulation of rural land to business enterprises,professional investors and operational partnerships,etc. They have further revitalized rural resource assets; promoted the flow of resources,and activated the internal development vitality of the rural area.4. Formulated Policy that Benefits Farmers,and Intensified its Support Strength The Miyi County government has built up a fund raising institution which includes widely opening channels of capital establishing agricultural funds; building a counterpart- unit- support system; raising funds from beneficial masses; encouraging donations from different circles of society,and making up preferential policy,etc. It also practiced a series of policies which benefited the people,such as disaster relief and emergency aid,poverty alleviation,subsidies,etc. Meanwhile,thegovernment enhanced tracking supervision so as to ensure the agricultural subsidies related to the cultivation of grain,pigs,and tobacco,etc. would go directly to the households. As a result,the benefits to the peoples＇ livelihood were maximized,agriculture promoted,and farmers＇ income increased.5. Developed the Advantages of Characteristic Industries,and Increased the Farmers＇ Income Firstly,＂characteristic vegetables ＂ were developed in order to increase the income of the farmers. In recent years,Miyi has promoted a series of important projects,such as a modern agricultural-industrial base,new- type rural construction industries on a provincial level,high standard farming land construction,agricultural techniques promoting demonstration zones,and vegetable standard demonstration counties,etc. Secondly,＂characteristic＂fruit industries were developed to promote the economic development. Miyi,starting from the adjustment of its industrial structure,specially developed some characteristic fruit industries,including loquat,mango,cherry and walnut. Thirdly,Miyi specially developed the tobacco industry to expand its income channels. In recent years tobacco production in Miyi experienced a historic breakthrough.Finally,Miyi county developed a standardized domestic animal raising industry so as to increase the farmers＇ income.VI. Built a Modern Characteristic Agricultural Industrial Park,and Increased the Farmers＇ Income By targeting the goal of increasing the farmers＇ income,and based upon the principle of ＂making the base stronger,the scale larger,the products better,the brand more famous,the market more active,and the efficiency higher ＂,Miyi county brought in a group of economic organizations,so-called ＂dragon- head enterprises ＂,who support the agriculture,rural cooperation organizations,and professional technology associations,etc. It implemented step by step a series of national modern agricultural demonstration zones,modern industrial parks for agribusiness development,and modern agricultural zones on the provincial level,etc. Itencouraged a group of dragon- head enterprises gradually to come into the park and guide the farmers to develop modern agriculture so as to increase the farmer＇s income and achieve prosperity. The scale of Miyi＇s characteristic industrial parks became larger and larger; the guidance role of the agricultural industrial parks gradually grew stronger; the channels of circulation of agricultural products gradually expanded,and the advantage of brand construction was also enhanced. All of these had significant meaning for the promotion of Miyi county＇s agriculture and increasing the farmers＇ income.VII. Promoted the Construction of New- type Rural Demonstration Zone and Improved the Quality and Efficiency of the Rural Area Since 2010,Miyi county has coordinated with different departments,including water- electricity,planning and construction,and national land departments,etc. and actively constructed new- type rural demonstration zones— it already has been effective. Miyi county has imported more than 10 projects,invested a total capital of 25,740,000 RMB,specially constru