视功能障碍工伤伤残评定有关问题探讨

Discussion on the Forensic Injury and Disability Assessment of Visual Impairment by the Grading Standard of Work Injury

眼外伤后视功能障碍的准确评定是法医学伤残等级鉴定的难点问题。职工工伤与职业病致残等级标准是我国现行伤残评定标准中较为全面、系统地对视功能障碍进行分级的标准,对于其他伤残等级标准的制定和实施有着深远的影响。该标准中针对视功能障碍的分级条款数目众多,在评残实践中实施和应用的难度较大。为了准确反映视功能障碍的严重程度,在使用标准中关于视功能障碍的条款时,需要紧密结合标准总则与规范性目录中的相应规定,方能准确地对视功能障碍进行伤残等级的鉴定。对职工工伤与职业病致残等级标准中执行和理解困难的条款进行了讨论,并在比较国内外其他标准中相应功能障碍评定方法的基础上,提出完善该标准相应内容的建议。

Accurate assessment of visual impairment caused by ocular trauma is difficult in forensic expertise. The visual impairment has been graded comprehensively by the Grading Standard of Disability Caused by Work-related Injuries and Occupational Diseases, which has a profound impact on the development and implementation of other disability grading standards in China. There are 31 terms on visual ability in the standard, which account for 5.8% of the total terms but involve many complicated situations. In order to identify the disability grade accurately, the terms of the standard should be applied under the instructions in the appendix. Also, specific requirements in the light of forensic identification should be considered.In this paper, the terms that are difficult to understand and apply were discussed. Besides, the terms on grading the visual impairment caused by diplopia were compared with those in relevant domestic and international standards. Suggestions on improving the corresponding contents of the standard were given.