河流鱼类鱼卵运动的水力学研究进展

Review on hydraulics research of fish eggs' movement in rivers

鱼卵输移运动是鱼类早期发育的重要阶段,关系着鱼类卵苗孵化与资源补充。鱼卵运动规律研究对鱼类早期资源量估算、鱼类产卵场修复、生态措施效果评价和鱼类资源保护等工作都至关重要。本文以中华鲟和四大家鱼鱼卵为代表,总结了鱼卵运动的主要影响因素包括鱼卵物理生物特性、地形因素和水动力因素,并着重从水力学角度综述了这些方面的相关研究成果。在此基础之上,介绍了鱼卵运动研究主要是通过野外鱼卵调查和标志物放流试验、室内水槽试验和数值模拟等研究方法和手段。同时指出,目前鱼卵运动研究多阐明现象,未说明机理,迫切需要机理性的室内试验来揭示鱼卵运动的规律和影响机制;在数值模拟方面需考虑鱼卵运动的维度和尺度问题,并合理概化鱼卵生态属性;在学科交叉方面,可借鉴泥沙颗粒运动的相关研究方法,将鱼类生态学与水力学、河流动力学等学科交叉融合。

The transport of fish eggs is an important stage in its early ontogeny, which relates to hatching success and population recruitment. An understanding of the eggs＇ movement has the potential to obtain a better estimation of egg abundance, guide the rehabilitation of spawn grounds, evaluate the effect of ecological measures and create strategies for protecting fish resources. Taking eggs of Chinese sturgeon and four major Chinese carps for examples, this paper summarized the main influence factors of eggs＇ movement and reviewed the relevant research methods and results from hydraulic aspect. The influence factors includ- ed the eggs＇ physical and biological characteristics, river morphology and hydrodynamic conditions. The main research methods included survey on fish early stage of ontogeny, drifting experiment with tracers, flume experiment and numerical simulation. Meanwhile, this paper pointed out that most of the researches on eggs＇ movement only showed the phenomenon, but did not explain the reason or mechanism for the phe- nomenon. It should be necessary to carry out more flume experiments to reveal the principle of eggs＇ move- ment and the influence mechanism. In simulation of eggs＇ movement, the dimension and scale problem should be well concerned. It is also of importance to reasonably generalize the ecological characteristics of fish eggs for the simulation of eggs＇ evolution and movement. The eggs＇ movement is a muhidisciplinary research. So, how to use the method of sediment movement and integrate the fish ecology, hydraulics and river dynamics will be the direction of future research.