孕期不良暴露与成年期疾病

Adverse Exposure during Pregnancy and Fetal Origins of Adult Diseases

生命早期起源的成人疾病的发生及其机制近年来逐步受到关注。其所涉及的疾病类型涉及到机体多个系统,包括心血管、内分泌、呼吸、泌尿、免疫以及精神神经系统等,涵盖了机体各大组织器官,严重危害人类健康。胎儿时期不良暴露的类型也由早期的母体孕期营养不良扩展到母体孕期内分泌紊乱、化学物质暴露、精神状况等因素。而发育可塑性学说、表观遗传学异常假说从器官发育及分子层面上对生命早期起源的成人疾病的发生做出解释。阐述胎源性成人疾病的研究历程、牵涉的疾病类型、已发现的不良环境暴露类型以及发生机制,为制定相关疾病的防治策略提供理论依据。

Fetal origins of adult diseases, as well as mechanisms, are the research hot topics in recent years. These diseases are involved to the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, urinary system, immune system and neuropsychiatric system, covering all major tissues and organs, which cause serious harm to human health.The maternal adverse exposure is also extended from simple malnutrition to hormone abnormalities, chemical exposure, mental condition and other factors during pregnancy. Both the developmental plasticity theory and epigenetic abnormality theory are introduced to explain the mechanisms of the early fetal origins of adult diseases from the organ development to molecular level. This paper reviewed the types of fetal original adult diseases, types of adverse exposure and the underlying mechanisms, as well as the research history of related diseases.