高氯酸胍的合成、表征及性能

Synthesis,Characterization and Performances of Guanidine Perchlorate

以碳酸胍和HClO4为原料制备了高氯酸胍。利用XRD、元素分析仪、红外光谱分析、SEM、TG和DSC对产物进行了结构、形貌、热分解性和热安定性研究,并测定了感度和主要爆炸性能。碳酸胍和HClO4投料摩尔比为1:2或1:4时,产物的红外光谱和XRD图像峰型几乎完全相同,结合元素分析结果说明为同一物质,均为CH6O4N3Cl。加入铝粉后,高氯酸胍流散性显著增加。观察纯品和加入5%铝粉(质量分数)的高氯酸胍的形貌发现:相对纯品,加入铝粉后颗粒表面变得光滑。高氯酸胍的感度明显低于SY和PETN,是一种比较钝感的炸药。不同密度下,纯品和加入铝粉的高氯酸胍的爆速为5 500 m/s左右,加入5%铝粉对爆速的影响较小。

Guanidine perchlorate was synthesized with guanidine carbonate and HClO4 as raw materials. The structure, morphology, thermal decomposition and thermal stability of guanidine perchlorate were detected by XRD, elemental analyzer, Infrared spectrum analysis, SEM, TG and DSC. Its sensitivity and main blast performance were also measured. The XRD and infrared spectrum images of the products were almost the same when the molar ratio of guanidine carbonate and HClO4 was 1 ： 2 or 1 ： 4. In combination with elemental analysis, they are all identified as CH6O4N3Cl. In the addition of aluminum powder, the free-flowing property increases significantly, and the surface of guanidine perchlorate particles becomes smooth under morphology observation. Guanidine perchlorate is a relatively insensitive explosive, and its sensitivity is significantly less than that of SY and PETN. With different density, detonation velocities of pure and aluminum doped guanidine perchlorate are about 5 500 m/s. The addition of 5% aluminum powder（ mass fraction）has little effect on detonation velocity.