基于改进蚁群算法的高速公路疏散路径研究

Study on Highway Evacuation Route Based on Improved Ant Colony Algorithm

根据高速公路应急疏散的特点,在交通分配中应用改进蚁群算法模型。首先引入路段交通量和通行时间函数作为算法转移规则的一部分,从而在进行搜索时优先考虑容量大和通行时间较短的路径。其次通过实验分析蚁群算法参数对计算结果和收敛速度的影响,给出了最优的参数组合。最后将最优参数组合应用于改进蚁群算法中,并通过仿真实验将改进蚁群算法与基础蚁群算法的路径搜索结果进行对比。结果表明:采用最优参数组合的蚁群算法不但加快了搜索速度,而且优化了全局最优解,通过基于GIS的高速公路应急疏散系统进行路径分析,得到系统最优的可视化疏散路径。

According to the characteristics of expressway emergency evacuation,improved ant colony algorithm was applied in traffic assignment models.Firstly,the function of traffic flow and capacity was introduced as a part of the algorithm state transition rules.Consequently the paths with larger capacity and shorter travel time were chosen preferentially when searching.Secondly,the influences of ant colony algorithm parameters on calculation results and the convergence speed were studied by experimental analysis,then the optimal combination of algorithm parameters were presented accordingly.Finally,the optimal parameter combination was applied to the improved ant colony algorithm,and the searching results were compared with the basic ant colony algorithm through simulation experiments.The results show that ant colony algorithm with the optimal combination parameter has advantages in accelerating the search speed and optimizing the global optimal solution.The visual emergency evacuation paths are available through the path analysis via expressway emergency evacuation system based on GIS.