广州市涉禽食品从业人员在禽流感疫情前后的态度和行为变化的分析

The change of attitude and behavior toward the prevention of H7N9 avian influenza in poultry-related food workers in Guangzhou City

目的在出现人禽流感疫情后,广州市政府加强健康宣教,通过分析涉禽食品从业人员对政府防控措施的态度变化和自身防病行为改变情况,提出防控及健康宣教的改进措施,为政府今后处理突发公共卫生事件提供参考依据。方法疫情发生前后选择广州市涉禽食品从业人员2 554人作为调查对象,通过自制的问卷开展面对面调查,通过Logistic回归控制人口学特征进行比较。结果 2014年与2013年相比,对政府防控措施及疫情信息公布的满意度上升,怕感染H7N9禽流感的担心度下降,疫情主动搜索下降,而网络超越电视、报纸成为主要手段,从业人员倾向于不再购买鸡、鸭、鹅等禽类来吃(OR=2.06,P<0.001)以及减少前往肉菜市场(OR=1.23,P=0.021),流感疫苗接种的比例下降(OR=0.80,P=0.021)。结论对政府防控措施满意度高,流感疫苗的接种率低,除及时处理好疫情外政府今后应加大利用新型媒体等网络平台公布疫情信息和开展健康宣教,提高涉禽食品从业人员的防病认知和知识,促进形成科学有效的防病行为改变。

Objective After the first human case infected H7N9 in Guangzhou,the government took measure to control it and carry out health education.To analyze the change of attitude and behavior toward control of H7N9 avian influenza in poultry-related food workers,improve the control measure and health education.Methods 2 554 poultry-related food workers were interviewed by a standardized questionnaire in June,2013 and Feb,2014.The change of attitude and behavior was analyzed using the Logistic regression.Results Compared to 2013,poultry-related food workers in 2014 felt more satisfied with the control measure toward H7N9 avian influenza by government and less worried about the infection of avian influenza.In 2014,the number of searches for the information of H7N9 declined,and internet became the main search means.The food workers had not tendency to prefer poultry and the wet market（OR1= 2.06,P1 〈0.001,OR2= 1.23,P2=0.021）.Compared to 2013,the injection rate of influenza vaccine declined in 2014（OR = 0.80,P = 0.021）.Conclusions The poultry-related food workers felt satisfied with the H7N9 control measures taken by government,however the injection rate of influenza vaccine was low.The government should pay more attention to utilize the new media,such as Internet,to announce the information about the epidemic of H7N9 avian influenza and to carry out health education.Education should be given about the prevention of avian influenza poultry-related food workers to prevent avian influenza through their active prevention.