学术职业国际化:基于教师发展的视域

An Analysis of the Internal Factors of Academic Profession Internationalization from the Perspective of Faculty Development

国际化已成为当代学术职业发展一股不可回避的潮流。我国政府和高校对大学教师的国际交流十分重视,但只有从教师个人角度剖析影响学术职业国际化的内因,才能对教师形成有效的激励。从教师发展的视域看,学术职业国际化在跨境、本土课程教学和本土科研三个维度上受到教师知识基础、参与意愿、受教育经历的影响。本文据此构建学术职业国际化影响模型,并基于问卷调查所获样本,运用分层回归方法对模型进行验证。研究发现,教育国际化经历、知识基础、参与意愿诸因素对不同维度的学术职业国际化分别具有不同的影响。学术职业国际化在本土维度上取决于教师的自主诉求,说明学术职业国际化的实现需要了解和分析教师的意愿及对专业发展的诉求;跨境交流最为显著的影响因素是教育国际化经历,而高校增加海外人才引进的趋势有助于在有限范围内促进学术职业国际化发展。根据影响机制,本研究提出了促进学术职业国际化发展的策略。

Internationalization has become an inevitable trend in contemporary academic profession. Recent studies reveal that, although the internationalization of academic profession in China gets support from governments and institu- tions, it has insufficiently developed. In order to effectively motivate faculty members in Chinese colleges and universities to improve their internationalization of academic profession, it is necessary to explore the internal cause of academ- ic profession internationalization. This study aims to build and verify ahierarchical model to analyze the internal cause of academic profession internationalization, so as to provide theoretical basis for higher education internationalization strategies. The academic profession internationalization is multiple-dimensional, including the internationalization of cross-borders, international teaching and international research at home, and is influenced by individual faculty＇s education, personal will and knowledge. We conducted a questionnaire survey and analyzed the internal cause of academic profession internationalization by using hierarchical regression method. Variables having significant impact on internationalization of academic pro- fession are ： personal effort, graduate advisor status, education degree, professional rank, institution type, and area of discipline. The hierarchical regression employed the cross-border exchanges, international teaching and interna- tional research as dependent variables. The order of the variable layers entered for analysis is ： demographic variables first; internationalization of education experiences including degree obtained abroad and years of study abroad sec- ond ; and facultys knowledge and willingness . It is found that the internationalization of academic profession is variously influenced by those factors in the theo- retical model. International teaching and research at home mainly results from individual aspiration, which suggests that the realization of the internationalization of academic profession need an analysis of faculty＇ s will and develop- ment demands. Our study also reveals that oversea education experience clearly boosts cross-border academic activi- ties, implying a progress of internationalization of academic profession under the trend of introducing oversea talents. The following strategies are proposed to promote the academic profession internationalization ： raising faculty＇ s intrin- sic motivation by integrating international perspectives and contents into their daily works; bringing faculty ＇ s leading role into full play in the internationalization of teaching; paying more attention to the career development of overseas talents and their positive effects on campus internationalization ; giving multidimensional approaches on the interna-tional academic profession faculty development.