3种马尾藻周年生长和成熟时间以及形态学研究

Study on the Annual Growth,Maturity Time and Morphology of Three Species of Sargassum

[目的]为3种马尾藻生物学、生态学、人工育苗以及藻场构建的研究提供基础资料。[方法]2012年6月到2013年5月通过野外调查和室内观察的方法研究了3种马尾藻周年的生长情况及其形态结构、成熟时间和繁殖盛期。[结果]3种马尾藻的繁殖时间不同,其中以亨氏马尾藻成熟最早,繁殖开始时间在3月底,而全缘马尾藻成熟较晚。3种马尾藻的生活史都可大致分为4个阶段:休止期、生长期、成熟期和衰老期。繁殖过后的藻体有1个月左右的衰老期,藻体逐渐衰老腐烂,进入休止期后仅剩下假根保留在岩石上度过高温期,3种马尾藻休止期开始的时间不同,但都于11月初结束并开始进入生长加速期,生长期藻体生长较快,3种马尾藻都于成熟前1个月生长速度最快,每天长度生长可达10 cm以上,在成熟期藻体长度生长不明显,但生物量随生殖托形成而显著增加。[结论]该研究可为马尾藻的人工育苗提供理论依据。

[Objective] The research aimed to provide basic data for the biology,ecology,artificial breeding and the construction of algae field.[Method]The annual growth,morphological structure,maturity time and propagation flourishing periods of Sargassum henslowianum,Sargassum hemiphyllum var. chinense and Sargassum integerriumu were studied by field survey and indoor observation from June of 2012 to May of 2013.[Result]The propagation time of three species of Sargassum were different. The maturity time of S. henslowianum was the earliest,the propagation began at the end of March. The maturity time of S. integerrimum was later. The life history of three species of Sargassum could be divided into four stages： telogen phase,growth stage,maturity stage and aging stage. The aging stage lasted about one month after the breeding stage.Then the algae gradually decayed with the rest of rhizoids pass through temperature period on the rocks. The beginning time of resting stage of three species of Sargassum were different,but they all ended in November and entered into the growth stage. During this period,the algae grew faster. In the month before the maturity,the growing speed of three species of Sargassum was fast,and the growth rate of algae length was up to10 cm per day. The growth of algae length in maturity stage was not obvious,while the biomass significantly increased with the formation of receptacles. [Conclusion] The research could provide theoretical basis for the artificial breeding of Sargassum.