内蒙古中东部高速公路路堑阳坡植被恢复效果研究

Vegetation Restoration on Cutting Sunny Slope of Highwaysin Central and Eastern Inner Mongolia

针对路堑阳坡立地条件差,植被恢复困难的问题,以内蒙古中东部地区高速公路为例,研究了路堑阳坡的生态恢复效果和群落演替规律。研究表明:1在内蒙古干旱半干旱条件下,阳坡与自然环境的生态条件更加接近,乡土植物在坡面群落建植初期更容易侵入;2在群落演替过程中,阳坡物种数目和生活型构成比例逐渐与天然群落接近,体现出了人工群落向自然群落过渡的趋势;3对研究区而言,生态恢复物种应以豆科和禾本科草本植物为主,少量搭配灌木,不建议使用乔木;4沙打旺、紫花苜蓿、老芒麦、白草、白花草木樨5种草本植物更适应于阳坡生长,而赖草则更适应于阴坡生长。

Vegetation restoration is hard to achieve at the cutting sunny slope where held the worse habitat condition. This study investigated the effects of ecological restoration and community succession law at the cutting sunny slope on the highway in eastern Inner Mongolia. The main conclusions are ① the ecological conditions of cutting sunny slope and natural environment are similar under the background of arid and semi-arid climatic conditions in Inner Mongolia. Therefore,the native plant communities are easy to be invaded at the early stage of establishment on the slope; ② the species number and the proportion of life forms at the sunny slope caught up with those at the natural plant communities on the process of succession,which showed a transition trend fromartificial community to natural community; ③ for the study area,the selection of plant species for ecological restoration should be legume and grass herbaceous plants,followed by shrubs. Woody plants are not suggested; ④ Astragalus adsurgens,Medicago sativa,Elymus sibiricus,Pennisetum centrasiaticum,and Melilotus alba are adapted to grow in the sunny slope,whereas Leymus secalinus is adapted to grow in the shade slope.