不同品种授粉对长山核桃坐果及果实性状的影响

Effects of different pollen sources on pecan nut setting and its characteristics

以9个授粉品种对5个长山核桃无性系进行人工授粉,探讨不同授粉品种对长山核桃坐果率及果实性状的影响。结果表明,5个无性系的父本方差贡献率均高于5 0%,同一母本下,不同父本的杂交组合之间坐果差异都达到了极显著水平。父、母本之间表现出交互作用,除核果质量的父本间差异不显著,其余性状各差异均达到极显著水平;4 5个杂交组合内7个性状指标的变异幅度很大,变异系数最大的是无性系2 1号单果质量,达到2 6.3 3%,最小的是无性系1 3号核果径,为1.5 3%;根据各杂交组合单株间坐果及果实性状的差异情况,为5个母本筛选了适合的父本作为与其配置的授粉品种,如3 5号和建林1号可为无性系1 0 4授粉,1号、3 4号和建林1号可为无性系2 8号授粉,5号和1 2 7号可为无性系2 1号授粉,3 4号和6号可为无性系1 3号授粉,以及3 5号、5 2号和建林1号可为无性系1 1号授粉。

The effects of different pollen sources on pecan nut setting and development were studied by testing 9 pollinating varieties on 5 pecan clones. The results showed that the male variance contribution rate of all 5 clones were higher than 50%. Pollination with different varieties significantly affected the nut setting of individual females. The interaction between parents was observed. All nut characters except nut weight between male parents had a highly significant deviation. There was a large variation among the 7 nut characters across all 45 crossings. The largest coefficient variation reached to 26.33% that was observed for the nut weight of the 21th clone, while the smallest one was 1.53% with the nut diameter of the 134 clone. We selected suitable pollination cultivars for the 5 females based on the nut setting and other characters of each of 5 individual clones. For example, the 35th clone and Janlin No.1 could be the pollen source for the 104th clone; the 1st clone, the 34th, and Janlin No.1 could be male plants for the 28th clone; the 5th and 127th clones for the 21th; the 34th and 6th clones for the 13th; the 35th and 52th and Jianlin No. 1 clones for the 11th as pollinating plants.