美国苦难会与现代湘西地区天主教的传播——以永顺新寨坪分堂为例

On American Passionist and Spreading of Catholic in Modern Xiangxi Region——Taking Xinzhaiping of Yongshun as a Case

20世纪20年代至50年代,在美国苦难会的努力下,天主教在湘西地区迅速传播开来。为了适应当地的实际情况,苦难会在传教领域和方式上均进行了调整:首先,传教区域由人口集中、交通较为便利、社会风气相对开放的城市转向了乡村;其次,除了传统的教育、医疗等传教手段外,苦难会士还注意学习中国的语言和文化,利用当地的社会矛盾和动荡的社会背景所创造的空间进行传教。天主教的传播对近代湘西乡村社会的宗教、政治、文化均产生了深远的影响。

From 1920＇s to 1950＇s,owing to American Passionist＇efforts,Catholicism spread rapidly in Xiangxi region.The congregation of the passion adjusted missionary field and method to adapt the local reality.Firstly,missionary field was shifted away from city,where having concentrative population,convenient transportation and relatively opened general mood of society,to the country.Secondly,except for traditional missionary methods,Passionists also paid attention to learn Chinese language and culture,made use of social contradiction and turbulent social background to preach.Catholicism＇s spreading had a profound impact on religion,politics and culture in the country of modern Xiangxi region.