风电场建设对周边扰动区域土壤养分和植被的影响

Effect of Wind Power Site Construction on Soil Nutrients and Vegetation of the Surrounding Disturbed Region

研究了风电场的建设对周边扰动区域土壤养分和植被的影响。结果表明：风电场的建设增加了扰动区域土壤容重、pH和总孔隙度,降低了土壤电导率、含水量和全盐,同时也降低了植被生长各指标和土壤养分（除了土壤全磷）等;在扰动区域（0~3km）,植被生长各指标和土壤养分均随远离风电场距离的增加而增加,距离风电场4km时,植被生长各指标和土壤养分基本与未扰动区域达到一致,初步表明了风电场对于植被和土壤养分的影响范围均在方圆3km以内;风电场扰动区域土壤微生物量的变化幅度和变异系数最大,说明风电场对土壤微生物量的空间变异影响较大;风电场扰动区域和非扰动区域土壤养分均随土层深度的增加而逐渐降低趋势,表现出明显的＂表聚性＂,而土壤深层（40—60cm）未扰动区和扰动区土壤养分基本一致,表明了风电场的建设并没有改变土壤养分的垂直分布特征,也并未影响深层土壤养分含量;风电场未扰动区域植被与土壤因子相关性基本与扰动区域相一致,表明风电场对周边区域植被和土壤均有影响,而此影响具有同等的重要性,也即同等程度下影响了植被和土壤因子,同时也体现了植被和土壤因子的互作效应。

The effect of wind power site construction on vegetation and soil nutrients of the surrounding dis- turbed region were examined. The results showed that the wind power site construction increased soil bulk density, pH and total porosity, reduced the soil electrical conductivity, moisture content and total salt in the surrounding disturbed region, at the same time, it reduced the growth of the vegetation index and soil nutri- ents （in addition to the soil total phosphorus） and so on. In disturbed region （0~3 kin）, the index of plant growth and soil nutrients increased with the increase of the distance from the wind power site, When distance is 4 km away from the wind power site, the index of plant growth and soil nutrient in disturbed region were consistent with non-disturbed region, which turned out that the effect of wind power site on vegetation and soil nutrient was within the scope of 3 km, in addition, the range ability and coefficient of variation of soil microbial biomass were the largest which meant the influence on the spatial variation of soil microbial biomass was more significant than other soil nutrients. In disturbed and non-disturbed region, the soil nutrients de- creased progressively with soil depth and showed the enrichment in surface soil layer which meant that sur- face accumulation was obvious, while at the layer of 40-- 60 cm, the soil nutrients in disturbed and non-dis- turbed region had no significant differences, which indicated that wind power site construction had no influ- ence on the vertical distribution characteristics of soil nutrients and the soil nutrient content of deeper layers. Pearson correlation analysis showed that wind power site construction had the same effect on vegetation and soil nutrient of the surrounding disturbed region, which meant that wind power site influenced the plant and soil nutrient at the same degree and reflected the complex interaction effect of vegetation and soil nutrients.