近50年新疆小麦需水量时空特征及气候影响因素分析

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Water Requirement of Wheat as Influenced by Climate in Xinjiang in Recent 50 Years

基于新疆地区54个国家基本气象站1963—2012年的逐日气象资料,利用FAO Penman-Monteith公式和作物系数法,得到近50a来新疆小麦全育期和各生长阶段需水量,并利用线性趋势估计、MK检验、空间插值法分析了小麦全育期及各生长阶段需水量的年际变化趋势、空间分布特征及气象影响因素。结果表明:近50a新疆小麦全育期平均需水量空间分布总体呈现南疆大于北疆、东部大于西部、由西北向东南增大的格局,生长初期和发育期需水量空间分布表现为南多北少,而生长中期和生长末期则为东多西少。小麦全育期年需水量平均以7.8mm/10a的速率呈极显著的下降趋势,并于1978年开始发生突变。小麦全育期内风速降低、日照时数减少是导致小麦全育期需水量下降的主要原因。

Based on the meteorological data of 54 stations from 1963 to 2012 in Xinjiang, the water require- ment of wheat （WRW） of the whole growing period and different growth stages were calculated by using FAO Penman-Monteith model and crop coefficient. Meanwhile, we used the methods of linear regression, Mann-Kendall test and Inverse Distance Weighting to analyze the spatiotemporal change characteristics of water requirement of wheat in Xinjiang in recent 50 years. The results showed that the spatial distribution characteristies of mean WRW of the whole growing period and different growth stages of wheat were obvi- ously various in the different regions of Xinjiang. Generally, the WRW of the whole growing period was lar- ger in south than that in north, and it was larger in east than west, And the WRW of the initial or develop- ment stage were larger in south than northern. However, the WRW of the mid-season or late-season stage were larger in east than west. The annual WRW of the whole growing period was significantly decreasing with the rate of 7.8 mm/10 a, and it had significantly abrupt decrease in 1978. The negative trend in wheat water requirement in Xinjiang was mainly attributed to decline of sunshine hour and wind speed.