西安市区不同绿化植物的滞尘效应季节变化研究

Study on Seasonal Dust Retention Capacity of Different Green Plants in Xi'an City

以西安市区乔木(山槐)、灌木(丁香)、草本(马蔺)3种植物为试材,研究比较了滞尘量的差异及蒙尘后的生理响应。结果表明:不同绿化植物的滞尘能力差异显著(p<0.05),3种植物平均单位面积滞尘量大小顺序依次为:乔木>灌木>草本;春季和夏季不同绿化植物叶面滞尘量达到饱和时间约为12d,秋季和冬季不同绿化植物叶面滞尘量达到饱和时间约为9d,并且3种植物叶片平均滞尘量依次表现为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季;对叶面尘粒径分析表明,叶面尘中滞留的颗粒物中大多数是TSP(悬浮颗粒物),同时对PM10和PM2.5均有一定量的吸收,降尘物中PM2.5,PM10和TSP相对含量均以乔木最高,灌木和草本较低,其中PM2.5和PM10在乔木、灌木和草本均达到显著差异水平(p<0.05),而3种植物TSP差异并不显著(p>0.05);随着叶片蒙尘时间的延长,相对含水量出现先下降后上升的趋势,比叶重和脯氨酸含量则呈现先增加后降低趋势,并且3种植物叶片秋季和冬季相对含水量、比叶重和脯氨酸含量均高于春季和夏季。相关性分析表明,3种植物滞尘能力与车流量呈极显著正相关(p<0.01)。

Three green plants which were arbors （Maackia amurensis ）, shrubs （Syzygium aromaticum ）, herbs （Iris lactea） were taken as experimental materials, the effect of different environmental conditions on lhe dust catching quantity difference and disgraceful after physiological response were studied. The results showed that the dust retention capacities of these green plants had significant difference （p〈0. 05）, and the average unit area dust catching quantity followed the order： arbors〉shrubs〉herbs. The duration which the amount of foliar dust of three green plants reached saturation was about 12 days in summer and spring, and 9 days in autumn and winter, indicating that the amount of foliar dust of three green plants in summer and spring was greater than that of autumn and winter. The surface of dust particle size analysis showed that foli- ar dust retention of particles in most was TSP, while PM10 and PM2. 5 had a certain amount of adsorption. The relative contents of dust of PM2.5, PM10 and TSP were found in arbors top, low shrubs and herbs, in which PM10and PM2. 5had a significant difference of three green plants （p〈0. 05）, while TSP had no significant differ- ence （p〉0. 05）. As the blade disgraceful time prolonging, the relative water content appeared first rise and then fall- ing, while I.MA and proline content were contrary to relative water content which increased first and then decreased, and the relative water content, LiMA and proline contents of three green plants in summer and spring were greater than those of autumn and winter. Correlation analysis suggested that the dust retention capacities of three green plants were significantly positive correlation with the number of running vehicles （p〈0. 01）.