雪鸡坪-春都斑岩性铜矿区土壤重金属污染评价及植物优选

Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution of Soil and Plant Optimal Screening in Xuejiping-Chundu Porphyry Cooper Mine

根据对香格里拉县雪鸡坪—春都斑岩性铜矿区主体矿区的25个样地的土壤和植物叶片检测结果,运用地积累指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对土壤重金属污染状况进行评价,并运用富集系数筛选优良修复植物,为今后雪鸡坪—春都矿区土壤改良和修复提供科学依据。评价结果表明,矿区土壤中重金属的污染程度由高到底依次为:Pb>As>Cu>Hg>Cr>Zn>Cd,单个重金属元素的潜在生态危害风险程度,由强到弱依次为:Hg(98.7)>Pb(28.2)>As(21.1)>Cd(16.6)>Cu(14.6)>Cr(2.1)>Zn(1.0),综合来看,矿区土壤污染主要受Pb,Cu,Hg和As这4种元素影响为主。依据矿区6种典型植物对重金属的富集能力,建议矿区选择铜锤玉带草为先锋植物,以铜锤玉带草、杜鹃、云南松、高山栎4种植物组成的群落作为修复矿区土壤的先锋植物群落。

We tested the soil and plant leaves taken from 25 sample plots in the main mine of Xuejiping-Chundu porphyry cooper mine deposit, Shangri-La County. Then we used the geo-accumulation index and the poten- tial ecological risk index to evaluate the heavy metal pollution of soil and used bioaccumulation factor to screen the fine plants. The results could be used as the basis of soil improvement and remediation in the future. The rank（from high to low） of the heavy metals in soils is Pb〉As〉Cu〉Hg〉Cr〉Zn〉Cd. The rank（from strong to weak） of single metal element risk of potential ecological harm degree is Hg（98.7）〉Pb（28.2）〉As（21.1）〉Cd（16.6）〉Cu（14.6）〉Cr（2.1）〉Zn（1.0）. In general, the soil was mainly polluted by Pb, Cu, Hg, and As. According to the mining area of 6 kinds of typical plants for heavy metal accumulation capability,we advised to choose Pratia numrnularia as the pioneer plant and the plant community with Rhododendron simsii, Pinus yunnanensis, Quercus semicarpi f olia as the remediation pioneer plant communi ty of polluted mine soil.