差序礼义:农民环境抗争行动的结构分析及乡土意义解读——沙岗村个案研究

The Differential Mode of Rite and Norm: Understanding of the Structure and Local Meaning of Villagers' Environmental Protests——A Case Study of Shagang Village

现有关于环境抗争的研究,更偏重于环境抗争行动所处的外部社会环境以及环境抗争的策略、组织等外显特征,对环境抗争行动者遭遇污染后如何在其规范体系中做出反应、形成策略的内在结构涉及较少。基于沙岗村案例中村民环境抗争行动的结构分析,发现村民们在以"差序礼义"为特征的规范体系内行动:无论是与污染企业主的对抗,还是通过上访与政府发生互动,村民们做出行动决定时,首先都以其自身与企业主、政府的差序性关系定位为基础,行动策略的决定依据于其规范体系中特定关系所对应的礼义规范。村民环境抗争行动具有其独特的乡土意义。脱离村民经验世界中的规范体系理解村民抗争行动的意义,会造成对村民行动的误解、偏见,不利于环境纠纷的解决。

Current researches about environmental protests more focus on the external social environment and the external characteristics of environmental protests. The researches on the internal structure of environmental protests that how actors respond to pollution and design action strategies in their own normative systems are rare. Through the analysis on the struc- tures of villagers＇ environmental protests in Shagang village, I found villagers＇ actions were all in the normative systems characterized by the differential mode of rite and norm ： whether they protested against the polluting enterprise or interacted with government through petitions, when they made the decision how to act were all based on the differential relationship with polluting enterprise and government firstly; and the action strategies making based on the special rites and norms corre- spond to the special relationship in their normative system. Villagers＇ environmental protests have unique local meanings. It will cause the misunderstanding, prejudice on villagers＇ protest actions if we understanding the meaning of villagers＇ en- vironmental protests digress from villagers＇ experiential world and normative system, which will be bad for the settlement of the environment dispute.