儿童蜱传脑炎研究进展

Advances on tick-borne encephalitis in children

蜱传脑炎是儿童中枢神经系统感染性疾病。儿童病情较轻，极少数可能出现永久性损伤，遗留神经系统后遗症。该文介绍蜱传脑炎的流行病学和临床特征，并总结生物学和病毒学方面，以更好地了解病毒的生命周期和传播。在我国蜱传脑炎病毒是通过全沟硬蜱传播的一种黄病毒，可引起急性脑膜脑炎。血清学诊断通常是简单直接的。该病无特效治疗存在，免疫是主要预防措施。

Tick-borne encephalitis （ TBE） is a well-known central nervous system （ CNS） infection in children. The disease in children is generally milder,although severe illness may occur and even lead to perma-nent impairment of the quality of life due to neuropsychological sequelae. We review the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of tick-borne encephalitis,and summarise biological and virological aspects that are impor-tant for understanding the life-cycle and transmission of the virus. Tick-borne encephalitis virus is a flavivirus that is transmitted by ixodes persulcatus. Tick-borne encephalitis causes acute meningoencephalitis. The serologi-cal diagnosis is usually straightforward. No specific treatment for the disease exists,and immunisation is the main preventive measure.