全球消灭脊髓灰质炎最后阶段我国脊髓灰质炎疫苗免疫策略的探讨

The discussion of inactivated poliovirus vaccine immunization strategy in China during the global polio eradication stage

脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）是严重危害人类健康的一种传染性疾病,也是世界卫生组织（WHO）继天花之后要根除的第二种传染病。自1988年世界卫生大会（WHA）确定了在2000年消灭脊灰的目标以来,全球脊灰病例已经下降了99%。脊灰病例数从1988年的约35万例下降到2013年的406例,脊灰野病毒本土流行的国家也从125个减少到3个,这是全球共同努力的结果。

Since its launching at the World Health Assembly （WHA） in 1988, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative （GPEI） has reduced the global incidence of polio by over 99%, from an estimated 350 000 cases then to 406 reported cases in 2013, and the number of countries with endemic polio from 125 to 3. The reduction is the result of the global effort to eradicate the disease. In 2012, the World Health Assembly declared ending po- lio a ＂programmatic emergency for global public health＂ and developed the Polio Eradication ～ Endgame Stra- tegic Plan 2013-2018. In the plan, all countries are recommended to introduce at least 1 dose of IPV into their routine immunization programs to reduce the consequences of a subsequent circulating poliovirus after OPV2 cessation. Under certain conditions, how should at least one dose of IPV be introduced into Chinese routine im- munization programs, what problems might be met during the process and what lessons we could learn from a- broad are of great interest to us. During the meeting, experts shared the experiences of introducing IPV into their routine immunization programs and provided suggestions to us. Proper communication strategy and main- taining the high coverage of vaccination are the primary factors during the vaccine policy changing period.