草原生态补偿关系的主体及其权利义务内涵——基于甘肃省天祝县草原补奖政策的分析

Subject and Relationship of Rights and Obligations' Connotation for Grassland Eco-Compensation—Analysis of Grassland Ecological Protection Subsidy and Reward Program in Tianzhu County of Gansu Province

生态补偿概念的核心是生态补偿主体及其权利义务关系。草原生态补偿主要涉及两个层面的主体范畴:"补偿主体—受偿主体"范畴、草原生态补偿政策实施的主体范畴。甘肃省天祝县草原补奖政策的实践表明,草原生态补偿主体是国家,受偿主体是牧民(村民)。基于"国家—牧民"这一对基本主体范畴产生的权利义务关系,是草原生态补偿的一般性权利义务关系。在草原生态补偿政策执行过程中,不同的主体如组织管理主体、主要实施主体、监管主体和评估主体等,彼此之间或者与牧民之间会产生具体的权利义务关系。基于此,可以初步归纳出"正外部性"生态补偿的主体及其权利义务关系。

The core of the Eco--Compensation concept is the Eco--Compensation subjects and its relationship between rights and obligations. Grassland Eco--compensation subject category mainly in- volves two aspects of the subject problems, one is ＂compensation subject -- payments subject＂ cate- gory, the other is a grassland Eco--Compensation policy enforcement subject. Grassland Ecological Protection Subsidy and Reward Program in Tianzhu County, Gansu Province, as it is shown, grass- land Eco--Compensation is related to two key subjects which are government and the herdsmen （Vil- lage）. Based on ＂national -- nomads＂ this pair of basic subject categories of rights and obligations re- lations is generated a general relationship between rights and obligations of the grassland ecological compensation. In the process of grassland Eco--compensation policies, different roles such as organi- zation and management subject, the main implementation body, the subjects of supervision and evalu- ation, etc, between each other, or with the nomads, have concrete rights and obligations relation- ships. Based on this, it can be summarized the ＂positive externalization＂ for subject of Eco--compen- sation and its rights and obligations relations.