中亚大樱桃与甜樱桃果实性状分析与评价

Evaluation of Fruit Characteristics of Central Asia Cherry and Sweet Cherry Cultivars

【目的】对中亚引种的7个大樱桃品种和国内引种的6个甜樱桃品种的物候期及果实的主要性状进行观察与测定,分析评价各品种的果实特性,为新疆南疆地区樱桃的引种栽培提供依据。【方法】针对樱桃物候期、果实外观特征和内在品质指标,采取系统观察测定和比较的方法,进行不同樱桃品种的性状分析评价。【结果】各参试品种的萌芽期和花期差异不明显,而成熟期的差异较大。中亚大樱桃品种果实发育期45-80d,可分早、中、晚熟和极晚熟品种,甜樱桃果实发育期在45-60 d,属早中熟品种;中亚大樱桃果肉各品种单果重在5.98-8.82 g,比国内引进的甜樱桃品种单果重（8.07-10.03 g）小;中亚大樱桃各品种果型变异系数小,其果型整齐度比甜樱桃品种的一致性高;中亚大樱桃可溶性固形物和糖酸比相对高于甜樱桃,风味以甜为主。【结论】中亚大樱桃在果实的表型性状和内在品质上与国内甜樱桃有差异,物候期也有不同,结合前期抗寒性研究,筛选出了‘YT07-2-1’、‘YT07-2-2’和‘YT09-10’三个适于南疆地区栽培的品质优良的中晚熟品种。

【Objective】The fruit characters and phenology were observed and measured from seven Central Asian large cherry varieties and six domestic introduced sweet cherries varieties. Preliminary evaluation of fruit characteristics of various cherry varieties was carried out to provide the basis for the introduction and cultivation of cherries in Southern Xinjiang.【Method】Analysis and evaluation of phenology,fruit appearance features and inherent quality indicators of different cherry varieties were conducted by observation,comparison and measurement.【Result】Budding and flowering of all varieties of cherry were similar,but quite different in the maturity. Fruit development period of the Central Asian cherry varieties about 50- 85 d could be divided into early,middle,late and very late types; Sweet cherry fruit development period between 50- 65 d was the early maturing varieties. The average weight of Central Asian large cherry varieties was between 5. 98- 8. 82 g,light-er than the introduced sweet cherry varieties from abroad,which were between about 8. 07 - 10. 03 g. Central Asian large cherry of all varieties had small coefficient of variation,expressed as fruit size irregular and had higher consistency in the uniformity of fruit than our sweet cherry varieties. Soluble solid of Central Asian large cherry varieties was generally higher than that of the sweet cherry varieties,which were rather sweet.【Conclusion】The phenotypic traits,inherent quality and phenology of Central Asian large cherry varieties were different from those of the sweet cherry varieties. Combining the previous hardiness studies,three varieties of mid and late- maturing ‘YT07- 2- 1＇、‘YT07- 2- 2＇and ‘YT09- 10＇were screened out which all had excellent quality,and were more suitable for cultivation in Southern Xinjiang.