长江河口盐度监测布局研究

Analysis of salinity observational stations distribution in the Changjiang estuary

长江河口盐度监测是管理河口淡水资源与保障城市用水安全的重要基础工作之一,观测资料为水库取水调度、沿岸涉水工程的规划等提供依据.架设于河口区域的水文监测站及浮标是长江河口长时间序列盐度资料的主要来源,对研究长江河口整体上的盐度分布和输运过程、指导水库安全调度等具有重要的科学意义和应用价值.通过数值模拟结果和观测资料,分析了长江河口盐度分布的时空变化规律,并结合长江口盐度站网功能需求分析与监测要素,提出长江河口盐度监测站点布局的思路,对河口盐度监测的整体性、空间均衡性和对重点研究区域的站点架设进行科学合理的规划.

Salinity observation is one of the major basic works for freshwater resource management and security of domestic water usage in the Changjiang estuary. The gained data can provide theory evidence for works as water intake in reservoirs and water conservancy projects. The observational stations and buoys that are set in estuarine region are the main long-time data sources of salinity in the Changjiang estuary. The long-time series measurement data has important scientific significance and application value for study on saltwater transport processes and reservoir operation. According to the comparison between numerical simulation results and observed data,the temporal and spatial variations of salinity distribution are analyzed. Meanwhile,the requirements of observation system and monitoring elements are discussed. In this paper,the designing method of salinity monitoring stations in the Changjiang River Estuary is presented,and the scheme of spatial unity and equilibrium of site locations as well as layout in the key research area are shown.