组织模仿与组织同形:从山寨模仿到习俗跟随

Organizational Imitation and Organizational Isomorphism: From Shanzhai Imitation to Custom Imitation

作为组织学习的一种重要方式,组织模仿对组织的生存和发展具有重要作用。本文考察了组织模仿的过程,并根据模仿动机和模仿复杂性将组织模仿分为四种类型,列举了四种典型的模仿形式,比较了不同模仿类型的特点,分析了组织模仿与组织同形的关系,发现山寨模仿和标杆学习更可能导致组织竞争性同形,追求时尚和习俗跟随更可能导致组织制度性同形。因此,组织要全面地认识组织模仿,重视制度性同形,重视模仿能力的培养,以减少模仿的成本。

Organizational imitation is very important for organizational survival and development as an important means of organizational learning. This paper examines organizations＇ imitation process and categorizes imitation into four types of imitation modes according to imitation intentions and complexity. Then it illustrates a typical imitation example for each mode, and analyzes the features of each mode and the relationships between organizational imitation modes and organiza- tional isomorphism. The results show that Shanzhai imitation and bench - marking imitation will more likely lead to com- petitive isomorphism and fashion chasing imitation and custom following imitation will more likely lead to institutional iso- morphism. Finally, it suggests that organizations should relearn organizational imitation completely, put more attentions on institutional isomorphism, and develop imitation ability to reduce imitation cost.