儒家生态仁学的独特性及启示——基于对环境伦理学二元论范式反思的视角

The Uniqueness and Implications of the Confucian Theory of Ecological Benevolence: A Perspective Derived from Rethinking the Paradigm of Dualism in Environmental Ethics

环境伦理学二元论范式指的是在人类中心主义和非人类中心主义的论争中形成的一种看待环境问题的环境伦理学理论框架。这一范式深化了我们对环境保护的伦理思考,但也存在着相对性和局限性。如果固执于这一范式,容易忽略古今中外生态伦理思想的丰富多样性,看不到环境伦理学发展的其他路径。儒家生态仁学具有这一范式无法容纳的独特的、丰富的内容,它是建立在淡魅理性主义基础上的,具有环境德性伦理的色彩,是一种和谐论伦理学,对于中国特色环境伦理学体系的建构具有重要启发意义。

The paradigm of dualism in environmental ethics refers to a theoretical framework for discussing environmental issues,which has evolved from debates on environmental issues between advocates of anthropocentrism and those of non-anthropocentrism. This paradigm has deepened our understandings about environmental protection,but it has limitations and must be evaluated in relative terms. If we stick to this paradigm only,it is likely to neglect the rich diversity of ecological ethics across times and cultures,failing to see other approaches to the development of environmental ethics. By comparison,the Confucian theory of ecological benevolence embraces unique and enriching ideas which the paradigm of dualism could not accommodate. It is based on the theory of mild-charm rationalism; it has a tint of environmental ethics of virtues. Therefore,it is a kind of harmonious ethics,and has important implications for the formulation of a new theory of environmental ethics with Chinese characteristics.