公共服务的法治建构:渊源、框架与路径

The Construction of Rule of Law in Public Services: Origin,Framework and Path

公共服务的法治建构是国家治理现代化过程中体现民意、保障民生的基础性制度安排。从法与公共服务的渊源看,现代公法首先是调整公共服务的法律,是公共服务精神融入国家治理的体现。公共服务法律制度体系的基本框架包括创制规则、主体规则、行为规则和责任规则等四个环环相扣、联系密切的基本维度。西方发达国家公共服务改革的一个重要特点就是法制驱动,着重从权利界定、责任分配、行为规制等不同方面共同规范公共服务的发展。我国公共服务立法存在基本法缺乏、实体法不完善、过程或程序性法律滞后等问题,与发达国家相比仍有较大差距。为了使公共服务适应时代发展的需要,必须从顶层设计、分权、质量改善等原则出发,加强公共服务立法的系统性、民主性和科学性。

The construction of rule of law in public services is a kind of fundamental institutional arrangement which can reflect public opinions and guarantee people＇s livelihood in the process of national governance modernization. From the origin of law and public services,the priority of the law is to adjust it and this is the embodiment of integration between the spirit of public service and national governance. There are four related dimensions of institutional system of public services laws,i. e. creation rules,subject rules,behavior rules and accountability rules. The main characteristic of public services reform in western developed countries is the＂law-driven＂,namely,emphasis on using rights definition,responsibility allocation and behavior regulation together to promote the development of public services. Compared to western developed countries,China＇s public services laws still have many problems,such as lacking of fundamental law,the deficiency of substantive law and the hysteresis of procedural law. In order to make public services adapt to the development of era,the authors propose that China＇s government should make public services laws more systematic,democratic and scientific based on the principles of top-level design,authority decentralization,quality improvement and so on.