圣西门:被误解的自由主义者

Saint-Simon: A Misunderstood Liberalist

圣西门的历史进步观对后世社会主义思想(尤其是马克思主义)的发展具有重要意义,但并不意味着他就是一个社会主义者。圣西门对未来社会的设想,与以往人们认为的不同,并未有多少社会主义成分,而是充满自由主义的色彩。更确切地讲,圣西门更像是一个反对封建制度的经济自由主义者。今天人们对于圣西门思想的误会,很可能是因为他的那些弟子把他的思想向着社会主义的方向进行了大规模的转向。圣西门对于后世社会主义思想发展的最大贡献是在继承孔多塞思想的基础上提出了一套历史进步观,从而使得社会进步不再是一种偶然的现象,而是一种历史的必然。从他开始,社会主义思潮开始有了自信心,开始把理想模式的实现看作是不可避免的历史宿命。今天看来,圣西门依然富有生命力的思想是他对于科学知识的高度重视,以及对于实业家或者说企业家社会功能和历史地位的正确评价和准确预测。

Saint-Simon＇s view of historical progress has major significance of the development of socialist ideology （ especially Marxist） , but it doesn＇t mean that Saint-Simon is a socialist. Saint？Simon？s imagination of the future society is different from what people considered, and it has little socialist ingredient, it is full of the color of liberalism. More specifically, Saint-Simon is more like an economic liberal against feudal system. To-day, the misunderstanding toward Saint-Simon is probably caused that his disciples put his mind on a large scale in the direction of the socialism. His largest contribution to the development of socialism is that he puts forward a view of historical progress on the basis of inheriting Condorcet thought, so as to make the social pro-gress is no longer an accidental phenomenon, but a historically inevitable. Socialist ideological trend has begun to have confidence and considered the realization of the ideal mode is the inevitable history fate. On the basis of his thoughts, Marx just needs to find the power of development of history. The reason why Marx and Engels are so appreciate to him may be this. Today, it seems, Saint-Simon＇s thought is still full of vitality, due to his great importance of the scientific knowledge, as well as social function and historical position of the correct evaluation and accurately forecast for industrialists or entrepreneur.