南京某铁矿区土壤重金属污染潜在生态危害评价

Evaluation of the Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Soil of an Iron Mine Region

对土壤中重金属污染进行潜在生态危害评价,是监控土壤环境质量和预防土壤污染的前提。本工作对南京某铁矿区土壤重金属空间分布特征进行研究,并采用Hak Anson潜在生态危害指数法对铁矿区土壤8种重金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、As、Hg、Ni、Pb和V)的潜在生态危害进行评价。单一重金属评价结果表明,Hg是矿区土壤中潜在生态危害最为严重的元素,其次是Pb和Cd。Hg、Pb和Cd对土壤污染的贡献率之和高达92.72%,Cr、Cu、As、Ni和V的危害程度为轻微。多种重金属潜在危害很强、极强的土壤样品占样品总数的54.76%,影响面积达56.63%,主要分布于采矿厂、废石场、选矿厂排水口等区域,与矿区的采选布局是一致的。

Evaluation on potential ecological risk of heavy metals is the premise of soil environmental quality monitoring and prevention of soil pollution. The spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in an iron mine region soils was studied,and the potential ecological risks of Cd,Cr,Cu,As,Hg,Ni,Pb and V were evaluated by Hak Anson＇s potential ecological risk index method.The results of single heavy metal evaluation showed that Hg was the most serious potential ecological risk element,and Pb and Cd came next. The total contribution rate of Hg,Pb and Cd to soil pollution risks reached up to 92. 72%. The potential hazards of Cr,Cu,As,Ni and V was slight. The soil samples with high and very high multi- heavy metals potential ecological risks accounted for54. 76%,with an influence area up to 56. 42%. Mine stope,waste- rock yard and outfall of concentrator were the high and very high multi- heavy metals potential ecological risk areas. This spatial distribution was consistent with the mining and processing layout.