土耳其正义与发展党的保守民主理念与政治改革探析

Researches on the Conservative Democracy Idea and Political Reforms of AKP in Turkey

作为土耳其正义与发展党的主要政治指导理念,保守民主理念涉及国家观、政府观、政治观、民主观、世俗主义观、宗教观、社会观、经济观等多个方面。在该理念指导下,正义与发展党实施了一系列政治改革,主要涉及1982年宪法、普通法、司法制度、行政机构、文军关系等。就改革成效而言,在土耳其民主得到巩固的同时,困扰该国民主发展的长期问题并未得到彻底解决,正义与发展党政府的一些做法也受到颇多非议。此外,从文明交往自觉角度观察,正义与发展党的保守民主理念和政治改革遵循着文明交往自觉的基本规律,但"土耳其模式"在中东其他国家不可复制。

As the AKP＇s guiding political idea, the key perceptions of ＂Conservative Democracy＂ include the views of the state, government, politics, democracy, secularism, religion, society and economy. Under this idea, AKP government of Turkey has carried out a number of political reforms, referring to 1982 constitution, common law, judicial branches, the administrations and the civil - military relations. As to its effect, while consolidating Turkey＇ s democracy, the problems faced by this country haven＇t been revolved completely. From the perspective of the Exchange of Civilizations Theory, AKP＇ s political idea and its reforms accord with the laws of the exchange of civilizations. However, the Turkish Model can＇ t be duplicated in other Middle Eastern countries.