中国参与中东地区冲突治理的理论与实践

Theory and Practice of China's Participation in the Middle East Conflict Governance

21世纪初以来,中东地区冲突大致可分为域外大国与中东国家、中东国家之间、中东主权国家内部以及中东跨国性冲突等4种类型,中国参与上述冲突解决的方式包括政治治理、安全治理和社会治理3类方式。从载体来看,外交部的特使机制、国防部的护航与维和机制,以及商务部的援助机制是新时期中国参与中东地区冲突治理的主要国内机制;中阿合作论坛、中非合作论坛、联合国和其他国际组织则是中国参与中东地区冲突治理的国际机制。中国参与中东地区冲突治理是中国向国际社会提供的一项公共产品,也是中国在中东运筹大国关系的重要平台。中西方参与中东地区冲突治理的模式既有趋同性,又有差异性;中国的治理实践强调民生先行、自上而下和义利并重,将冲突方和关切方均纳入到问题解决进程中,体现了"平民治理"的理念,具有渐进性、协商性、选择性、开放性等鲜明特征。

Since the early 21st century, Middle East conflicts can generally be classified into four types, i. e. the conflicts between outside powers and the Middle East countries, between the Middle East countries, between different political parties and religious sects within transnational and cross - border conflicts. The a sovereign state, as well as the mode of China＇ s participation in the Middle East conflict governance includes the political, security and social ones. There are three categories of domestic mechanisms in Chinese practice, i. e. the special envoy mechanism by the Foreign Ministry, the convoy and peace - keeping mechanisms by the Defense Ministry and the foreign aid mechanism by the Ministry of Commerce. The China - Arab States Cooperation Forum, the Forum on China- Africa Cooperation, the UN and other international organizations constitute the major international mechanism for China＇ s conflict governance. China＇ s Middle East governance is not only ＂public goods＂ for the region, but also a means for China to build constructive great power relations with the US, the EU and Russia, etc. The styles of Chinese and Western conflict governance in the Middle East vary, and the Chinese side places more emphasis on improving the Middle East people＇ s well- being as the top agenda, on following ＂ up -bottom＂ principle, and on seeking an incremental, consultative, inclusive, and selective governance in the Middle East conflict.