杜甫排律体制研究

Study on the System of Du Fu's Long Metrical Poems

杜甫排律是排律体诗的巅峰,他把初唐时期诞生的这种诗体艺术推向极致。从声律、韵律、对仗、结构四个方面对杜甫排律的体制进行研究,可以发现杜甫的排律体制有以下特点:(一)在声律上,入蜀之前偶有以三平尾对三仄尾,入蜀之后则不复出现;重视拗救,一联中如果出句拗,则于对句救之;存在大量三仄尾句;严守粘对规则。(二)在韵律上,严格使用平声韵,在总计1708个韵字中仅有5个韵字出韵、1个韵字重韵;使用韵部覆盖面广而又有所偏重;有相对稳定的韵字群;韵数皆为偶数。(三)在对仗上,五排首联对仗较为常见,七排则无;对仗种类、句式节奏、句法结构多样化;邻联间的对仗种类、句式节奏、句法结构绝少雷同。(四)在结构上,长篇排律段落分明,情思主线贯通首尾;在两段之间安排具有过渡功能的联语,使前后内容平稳转换。杜甫以其卓越的创作实践,为排律在声律、韵律、对仗、结构诸方面确立了体制,在文学史上具有重要意义。

The research is on Du Fu＇s metrical poetry system from four aspects： rhythm,rhyme,antithesis and structure.Then comes to the conclusion： First,in rhythm,before Du Fu came to Sichuan,occasionally there were three ping opposing to three ze tail in his poems,while he entered Sichuan,this usage disappeared; he paid attention to stubborn rescues,that was to say,if there was a sentence ao,it would be changed as a save in the couplet; there were a lot of three ze tail sentences; and he strictly stuck to the rules. Two,in the rhythm,Du Fu strictly used tone rhythm,with only 5 rhymes and 1 heavy rhyme in a total of 1708 rhymes; his use of rhyme covered widely and deliberately; there was a relatively stable rhyme group in his poems; and the number of the rhythm were even. Three,in antithesis,five long metrical poetry sentence antitheses were common,while seven rows were few in his poems; antithesis sentence types,rhythm,sentence structures,sentence patterns were diversified;those in the adjacent two were hardly the same. Four,in structure,long metrical poetry paragraphs were clear,and the main line of thoughts and feelings were from the beginning to the end; between paragraphs,transitional sentence was arranged to change contents smoothly.