谈《伤寒论》对桂枝、生姜、大枣和甘草的应用

Application of Guizhi( Ramulus Cinnamomi),Shengjiang( Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens),Dazao( Fructus Jujubae) and Gancao( Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae) in Treatise of Cold-Damage

桂枝主要作用为温经通脉,只要身体有经脉痹阻之证,皆可使用。大枣补中。生姜发散表邪。甘草生用补气生津,清热解毒;炙用温中健脾,和里缓急。《伤寒论》中,四药合用,温通经脉,解表散邪;生姜、大枣、甘草合用,解表散邪,补益中焦,生姜、大枣合用,调和营卫,补益脾胃;大枣、甘草合用,养营调中,扶正祛邪。仲景将这四味药与诸多药物配伍,巧妙地运用于临床,从而治愈多种疾病。

Guizhi（ Ramulus Cinnamomi） is mainly used to warm the meridians and dredge the vessels,and therefore it can be generally used for the syndrome of meridians obstruction; Dazao（ Fructus Jujubae） can tonify the middle energizer; Shengjiang（ Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens） can disperse the external pathogen; raw Gancao（ Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae） is used to tonify qi and generate body fluid,clear heat and eliminate toxicity while the processed Gancao can warm the middle energizer and strengthen the spleen,harmonize the interior and relieve the spasm. In Treatise of Cold-Damage,these four herbs can be used together to warm and dredge the meridians,eliminate the external pathogen. The combination of Shengjiang（ Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens）,Dazao（ Fructus Jujubae） and Gancao（ Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae） has the effect of eliminating and dispersing the external pathogen,tonifying the middle energizer. The combination of Shengjiang（ Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens） and Dazao（ Fructus Jujubae） can regulate and harmonize the defensive and nutrient phases,tonify the spleen and stomach. The combination of Dazao（ Fructus Jujubae） and Gancao（ Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae） can nourish the nutrient phase and regulate the middle energizer,reinforce the health qi and eliminate the pathogen. Zhang Zhongjing flexibly applied these four drugs in compatibility with different drugs in clinic to cure various diseases.