药用真菌多糖抗肿瘤免疫生物活性研究进展

Bioactivity of medicinal fungi polysaccharides for anti-tumor immunity

目的总结真菌多糖作为免疫调节剂在肿瘤免疫中的生物活性,探讨真菌多糖与肿瘤免疫的关系、作用机制和在肿瘤治疗中的作用。方法应用PubMed、ELSEVIER、Springer文献检索系统和中国生物医学文献服务系统(SinoMed),以"真菌多糖、抗肿瘤、免疫和生物活性"为关键词,检索2003-01-2014-10真菌多糖在抗肿瘤免疫中作用的文献。纳入标准:1)真菌多糖肿瘤免疫的主要活性成份葡聚糖免疫调控作用机制;2)几种主要真菌多糖抗肿瘤免疫,包括香菇多糖、灵芝多糖、茯苓多糖、金针菇多糖和灰树花多糖;3)真菌多糖与肿瘤免疫治疗。根据纳入标准,符合分析的文献35篇。结果真菌多糖的主链构成、分支度、相对分子质量和三螺旋结构是影响抗肿瘤免疫活性的重要因素,该多糖可激活巨噬细胞和NK细胞、活化APCs和T、B淋巴细胞,增强免疫细胞的抗肿瘤作用,产生相关细胞因子分泌,激活补体系统,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,影响细胞内信号转导,实现对免疫系统的调节产生抑瘤作用。结论真菌多糖为免疫调节剂可作用于固有和获得性免疫系统产生抗肿瘤免疫活性,为肿瘤免疫治疗的重要途径。

OBJECTIVE To summarize publications on the study of medicinal fungi polysaccharides as immunomodulator for anti-cancer immunity,the articles explored the relationship between fungi polysaccharides and anti-tumor immunity and the mechanisms of immunoregulation as well as the role of immunotherapy in cancer treatment.METHODSPublications from January 2003 to October 2014 on the study of medicinal fungi polysaccharides for anti-cancer immunity were searched by the key words of fungi polysaccharides,anti-tumor,immunity,immunotherapy from the PubMed,ELSEVER,Springer,and SinoMed index systems.Inclusion criterion：1）Glucan immunoregulation mechanism.2）several major fungi polysaccharides included：Lentinan,Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides,Pachyman polysacchafide,Flammulina velutipespolysaccharides,Grifola frondosa Polysaccharide.3）fungi polysaccharides and cancer immunotherapy.According to the criterion,35 publications were studied and cited in this article.RESULTS The characteristics of fungi polysaccharides,which included backbone structure,branching degree,molecular weight and three spiral structures affected on the activity of anti-tumor immunity.These polysaccharides can activate macrophages,NK cells,APCs,T and B lymphocytes to enhance anti-cancer immunity concerned with secretion of cytokines,activation of the complement system,induction of apoptosis of tumor cells,intracellular signal transduction so as to achieve the tumor inhibitory effect by regulations of the immune system.CONCLUSION Fungi polysaccharides can activate the inherent and acquired immune system to produce anti-tumor immunity,it is an important approach for the cancer immunotherapy.