环境中重金属和有机污染物的物种敏感性分布研究进展

Review of Species Sensitivity Distributions for Heavy Metals and Organic Contaminants

物种敏感性分布法(SSD,Species Sensitivity Distribution)是一种相对于传统评价因子法具有更高置信度的统计学外推方法,在环境质量基准制定及生态风险评价中得到广泛应用。本文对近年来国内外重金属和有机污染物的物种敏感性分布研究成果进行了综述,阐述了在水体、土壤和沉积物等环境介质中应用SSD方法开展生态风险评价的研究现状,从SSD模型选择、毒性数据点筛选等方面对影响SSD模型不确定性的因素进行探讨,并对SSD方法在生态风险评价领域的应用进行了展望。

Species sensitivity distribution （SSD） is a statistical extrapolation method with a higher confidence level than that of the assessment factor method. It has been widely used in developing the environmental quality criteria and ecological risk assessments. This paper discusses the development of the SSD of heavy metals and organic con- taminants in recent years, and elaborates the application of the SSD method in the field of ecological risk assess- meats of these chemicals in different environmental media, including water, soil and sediments. In addition, the in- fluences on the uncertainty of the SSD models, such as the selection of SSD models and data screening, were sum- marized. The application of SSD method in ecological risk assessment is also prospected.