西经东史:汉赋演进之学术思考

Transformation from Jing to Shi:Academic Thinking of Evolution of Fu in Han Dynasty

纵观两汉赋的演进,呈现出由西汉缘"经"到东汉重"史"的发展历程。西汉承秦制而法楚风,东汉转而"继周";言语侍从之臣的地位从西汉的尊贵到东汉的衰落,从而由反省现实到反省历史,是以潜藏了汉赋从经学的微言大义向史学的用事述理的变移。体裁上,西汉赋的"训诫""改作"多通过"物"的铺写彰显微言大义之讽;东汉赋的"昭德""宣威"多通过"事"的纪述,彰显德教礼制之颂。赋学批评方面,西汉赋学重在以"讽"为主且"曲终奏雅"的"点状"论述,东汉赋学更关注"面状"的尚事致用的整体评价。

From the evolution of fu from the Western Han Dynast to Eastern Dynasty,it was apparently seen that the Western Han Dynasty focused on＂jing＂while the Eastern Han Dynasty attached importance to＂shi＂.The Western Han Dynasty inherited Qin system and followed Chu,but the Eastern Han Dynasty＂inherited Zhou＂;the status of attendants changed from nobility in Western Han Dynasty to decline in the Eastern Han Dynasty.The change from reflection on reality to reflection on history reflected the change of fu from profundity in jing to facts in shi.In form,fu in the Western Han Dynasty described＂wu＂to display profundity by＂exhortation＂and＂change＂while the Eastern Han Dynasty recorded facts to eulogize moral education by preaching＂virtues＂and＂power＂.In criticism of fu,the fu study in the Western Han Dynasty was mainly on＂irony＂and＂dotted＂description as＂elegance in the end＂while the fu study in the Eastern Han Dynasty focused more on＂plane＂,practical and complete evaluation.