国内外农地规模经营述评

A REVIEW ON THE SCALE OPERATION OF FARMLAND WORLDWIDE

近年来,农业科技应用水平的不断提高,虽然为传统农业向现代农业过渡注入了强大动力,但同时也对农业经营方式提出了巨大挑战。农地的经营规模决定着农业的发展方向,在家庭联产承包责任制下,一家一户的分散经营,已经不能满足现代农业对机械化、科技化、规模化发展的要求。在探索农业发展的过程中,采用合适的发展模式和发展途径对于克服土地细碎化,实现规模化经营,提高农业生产效率都具有重大意义。谋求农地适度规模经营是现代农业发展的必然选择,也是学术界和政府部门关注的热点问题之一。文章主要从农地规模经营的内涵、必要性、发展模式、途径等几个方面对国内外学者的研究成果进行梳理,重点阐述了主要发达国家农地规模经营探索的优秀做法和我国各地实践呈现的特征,以及国外经验对于我国的启示作用。通过综述国内外研究成果可知,国外在制度和政策方面的先进经验值得我国学习,而我国基于地域环境探索出来的诸多模式应该进一步完善和推广,因地制宜发展农地规模经营是我国农业发展的方向。

In recent years,the development of application level of agricultural science and technology not only injects great impetus into the transition from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture,but also challenges the agricultural management way. The scale of farmland operation leads to the development direction of agriculture. In the household contract responsibility system,the household- based operation cannot meet the modern agriculture requirements in terms of the mechanized,technological as well as scale development. In the process of exploring the development of agriculture,it is of great significance to adopt proper developing mode and path to avoid land fragmentation,realize large- scale operation,and improve the production efficiency of agriculture. As an inevitable choice of modern agricultural development,moderate scale of farmland management has always been top- line issue focused by the academia and the government. By summarizing the domestic and international research findings in terms of the connotation,the necessity,developing models and approaches in moderate scale of farmland management,this paper mainly illustrated successful approaches in exploring scale management of farmland in major developed countries,characteristics of domestic practical experience,and the inspirational influences of international experience. China should learn from overseas advanced experience in systems and policies. Simultaneously,developing scale management of farmland depending on local situations was the future direction in Chinese agriculture,and the various existing models based on regional environment should be further modified and improved.