科学选择和温伯格准则

SCIENTIFIC CHOICE AND WEINBERG CRITERIA

科学选择是制定科学政策的基础。随着科学的发展,无论从规模,难度和经费支持等方面来说,任何一个国家都无法给当代科学活动以全面的支持,而必须有所选择。本文结合基础学科发展研究的需要,对科学选择理论、科学选择的评判标准、科学选择的方法,以及科学选择理论在制定学科发展规划中的应用进行了系统的介绍。在一些工业化国家,科学选择研究已经对科学政策的制定产生了很大的影响。结合我国国情,积极开展科学选择的理论和方法论的研究,对提高我国科学政策研究水平将具有十分现实的意义。

Scientific choice is an important basis on which our science policy is formulated. Along with the development of science, there is no country in the world which is able to afford overall support to modern scientific activities, whether in scale, or in difficulty, or in financial aid; therefore, there must be a certain choice to be made. This paper, by combining with the demand of the developmental research of basic disciplines, conducts a systematic discussion of scientific choice theory, the judgement criteria and methods of scientific choice as well as the application of the theory in drawing up plans for scientific development. In some industrialized countries, the study of scientific choice has produced a great influence on the formulation of science policy. It will be of great practical significance in raising our study level of science policy how we can carry out an active study of scientific choice theory and methodology by integrating ourselves with the situation of our own country.