基于岩溶地质背景的河网水系特征分析

Analysis of the Characteristics of River Water System Based on the Geological Background of Karst

贵州是一个地质背景复杂的岩溶地区,多期的地质运动对河网水系的发育造成影响。以贵州省乌江为研究对象,利用DEM等数据进行GIS水文分析,揭示岩溶地区河网水系与地质背景的关联。结果表明:流域主干的发育主要受不同构造变形区的控制,次级水系的发育明显受到构造样式的约束;河网密度的大小受岩石组合类型的影响,纯碳酸盐岩组合和碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩混合组合的河网密度均小于非碳酸盐岩组合河网密度;河网密度的大小不受构造变形区的控制,但受典型构造的影响。

A karst region has a complex geological background in Guizhou. The geological movement will affect river network system time and again. As Wujiang River of Guizhou was the research object, it uses the DEM data for going GIS hydrological analysis to show the association between distribution of river water system in karst region and the geological background. Results show that the basin is the backbone of devekpment of mainstream, which is controlled by different tectonic deformation zones, the development of secondary water systems, obviously the restraint of tectonic style. Drainage density influenced by rock combination type, the size of the pure carbonate rock combination and carbonate rock and clastic rock mixture combined drainage density is less than the carbonate combined drainage density;The size of the drainage density is not controlled by the tectonic deformation zone, but affected by typical structure.