元晓“和诤”思想分析

On Wonhyo's Idea of “Harmony and Arguments”

新罗僧人元晓所著《十门和诤论》的主线是就当时佛教界关注的十个义学问题提出综合性的意见,力图以自己的佛学立场进行"息诤"。现存的《十门和诤论》仅存"十门"中的两门,即"有无门"和"佛性门"。不过,《起信论同异集》中的引文中也可以辑出两门,可以姑且命名为"法身门"以及"智境门"。元晓以"和诤论"努力对当时不同的思想派别进行融合会通。综观元晓的著作可知,其思想核心是《大般涅槃经》和《大乘起信论》,前者代表的是如来藏思想,后者代表的是唯识思想,"非同非异"是"正法灭后"解释佛法、熄灭"异诤"的方法。

In his On Harmonizing Disputes in Ten Doctrines,Wonhyo provided syntheses for ten issues of Buddhist teachings that were heatedly discussed in Buddhist circle at that time,aiming to cease disputes from his own Buddhist position. In the extant Ten Doctrines,we can only find two of the original ten doctrines,that is,the doctrine of being and non-being and the doctrine of Buddha-nature. However,from the quotations in Comments on the Similarities and Differences of The Awakening of Faith,we can sum up two other doctrines,that is,the doctrine of Dharmakaya and the doctrine of wisdom sphere. Wonhyo attempts to fuse different thoughts and put them in harmony. Wonhyo's main ideas are from Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāna Sūtra and The·Awakening of Faith. The former is about the thought of Tathagata-garbha,while the latter Yogacara. For Wonhyo,'no-similarity and no-difference'is the approach to interpret Buddhist teachings and to eliminate'different arguments'after the 'declining of the true Dhamma'.