《资本论》的叙事结构与马克思正义思想

The Narrative Structure of Das Kapital and the Opening of Marx’s Justice Thought

《资本论》是一个有着特定叙事结构的理论文本,而其特定叙事结构在比较全面的意义上开显了马克思的正义思想。首先,从抽象到具体的方法论叙事并非只是阐述了一个一般的认识论步骤,更深刻的问题在于,马克思凭借这个方法,开辟出批判的哲学视野及超越英国经济学传统的政治哲学问题域,从而为阐发正义问题奠定了坚实基础。进一步看,通过对洛克以来一脉相承的理论传统中不断凸显的权利原则予以"抽象肯定"并"具体否定",马克思在《资本论》中,从"资本批判"维度上作出了正义判断,并由此厘定了"基于平等的正义"逻辑。更进一步说,由于马克思是在历史唯物主义的理论叙事中来考察政治哲学问题的,所以归根结底,《资本论》中"基于平等的正义"指涉的乃是生产关系、社会结构和社会制度层面的问题,这决定了无论是作为其前提的权利,还是作为其实质的平等,都是与自由主义正义理论判然有别的。

Das Kapital is a theoretical text with specific narrative structure.The specific narrative structure of Das Kapital opens up Marxs justice thought in a more comprehensive sense.The method from the abstract to the concrete is not a general exploring procedure,the deeper point is,Marx firstly opens up the perspective of critical philosophy and the domain of political philosophy transcending the traditional British classical economics with this method.On this basis,he makes judgment on the justice in the dimension of critique of capital and establishes the logic of justice based on equality through both affirming and denying the principle of right since Rock.Since Marx examines the issues of political philosophy in the theory narrative of historical materialism,the justice based on equality refers to the issues in the level of production relation,social structure,and social system,which determines no matter the right as the premise of it,or the equality as the essence of it is quite different from the justice theory of liberalism.