近代中国大学西洋文学系的创立与人文理想考识——以东南大学西洋文学系为中心(1922-1924)

The Establishment of Western Literature Departments in Modern Chinese Universities and Study of Humanistic Ideals:A Historical Survey Centering on the Western Literature Department of National Southeast University(1922-1924)

上世纪20年代初,梅光迪、吴宓等留美学人在国立东南大学创建了第一个西洋文学系,以传授纯正西洋古典文学为职志,并倡导新人文主义理想,不仅深受学生欢迎,符合当时学术界对外国文学的知识需求,而且在客观上也终结了由京师大学堂开启的重语言而轻文学的近代中国大学的外语教育模式。不幸的是,由于主政者在人事方面缺乏必要的克制与沟通,在学科方面又刻意拔高一方而压制另一方,物极必反,从而激化了东大内部的派系斗争,使西洋文学系的创办逐渐演变成了一场"悲剧式"的变革。其中英语系以张谔为首的语言派势力虽然充当了反对者的角色,但对于建立科学规范的外语科系设置无疑又起到了一种相反相成的作用。

Language and literature are twins in the process of foreign language teaching.However,disequilibrium of discipline development caused contradiction and confrontation among relevant departments and schools within the university.Taking western literature department of National Southeast University as an example,this paper traces the cause and result,gain and loss during the event of the department merge,and points out that,the establishment of the western literature department initiated by Mei Guangdi and Wu Mi can be regarded as a tragedy-styled reform,in which the language faction in the English department headed by Zhang E can be seen as an obstacle on one hand and a kind of disciple norm on the other hand.