儿童初发IgA肾病肾病综合征型的临床特点

Clinical characteristics of children with an initial onset of IgA nephropathy with nephrotic syndrome

目的研究儿童初发IgA肾病肾病综合征型的临床特点,探讨其与原发性肾病综合征的异同,为这两种疾病的临床鉴别诊断提供理论依据。方法选择50例初发IgA肾病且表现为肾病综合征的患儿为观察对象,以72例初发原发性肾病综合征患儿为对照组,比较两组患儿的临床及实验室检查特点。结果 IgA肾病组患儿肉眼血尿、镜下血尿、高血压、急性肾损伤、贫血、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症、低补体C4血症、激素耐药、肾炎型肾病综合征发生率均显著高于对照组,血Ig E升高发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组血肌酐、血尿酸、血总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血IgE、血C4、血红蛋白水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血Ig E<131.2 IU/m L、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇<1.35 mmol/L作为临界值对鉴别IgA肾病肾病综合征型及原发性肾病综合征显示了一定的价值(Youden指数分别为0.535、0.564)。结论 IgA肾病肾病综合征型患儿临床多表现为肾炎型肾病综合征及激素耐药型肾病综合征;临床表现联合高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血Ig E水平有助于鉴别IgA肾病肾病综合征型及原发性肾病综合征。

Objective To study the clinical characteristics of children with an initial onset of IgA nephropathy with nephrotic syndrome and compare them with children with primary nephrotic syndrome, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the differential diagnosis of the two diseases. Methods Fifty children diagnosed with an initial onset of IgA nephropathy with nephrotic syndrome were included in this study. Seventy-two children diagnosed with an initial onset of primary nephrotic syndrome served as the control group. The clinical and laboratory examination characteristics were compared between the two groups. Results The IgA nephropathy group had significantly higher incidence rates of gross haematuria, microscopic haematuria, hypertension, acute kidney injury, low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, anemia, low serum complement C4, steroid resistance, and nephritis-type nephrotic syndrome and a significantly lower incidence of elevated serum Ig E compared with the control group（P0.05）. There were significant differences in serum creatinine, serum uric acid, serum total cholesterol, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum IgE, serum complement C4, and hemoglobin levels between the IgA nephropathy and the control groups（P0.05）. The thresholds of serum Ig E（131.2 IU/m L） and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（1.35 mmol/L） were reference parameters in the differential diagnosis of IgA nephropathy with nephrotic syndrome and primary nephrotic syndrome. Conclusions Children with IgA nephropathy presenting nephrotic syndrome manifest mainly as nephritis type and steroid-resistant type in the clinical classification. Cinical manifestations accompanied by serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and Ig E are helpful for differential diagnosis of IgA nephropathy presenting nephrotic syndrome and primary nephrotic syndrome.