垂直轴风力机叶片的流固耦合作用研究

Study on Fluid-structure Interaction of a Vertical-axis Wind Turbine

本研究对垂直轴风力机叶片的流固耦合作用进行研究。为克服任意拉格朗日方法进行流固耦合分析时流体的过度变形问题,引入类似结构方程组处理流体域连续变形,对流体网格结点坐标进行更新,采用同时求解流体方程和结构方程的强耦合方法获得耦合系统的解。对垂直轴风力机叶片进行了流固耦合分析,研究了叶片的气动性能。计算了叶片的气动性能相关参数,研究发现,升力系数和阻力系数攻角在0°-8°之间时,数值模拟结果与试验结果几乎相同,当攻角约为8°时,开始出现失速特性。叶片旋转尖部产生的涡与叶片产生的流固耦合作用引起了叶片的局部扰动特性。结果表明本研究方法适用于垂直轴风力机叶片的流固耦合计算。

Vertical-axis wind turbines are promising,but the lagging behind of study on fluid-structure interaction between wind and wind turbine blade has become one of the key factors limiting their application. Thus,fluid-structure interaction of a vertical-axis wind turbine blade is studied in the present work. To overcome the excessive distortion of fluid mesh in arbitrary Lagrange-Euler method,structural alike equations are introduced to manage the continual deformation of the fluid domain. Mesh nodal displacement is obtained through solving the structure analogous equations linked with fluid nodes,and fluid mesh nodes are updated as a result. Strongly coupled method is employed to solve the fluid and solid equations. The method is applied to analyze fluid-structure interaction of a vertical-axis wind turbine blade to study the blade aerodynamic characteristics. Aerodynamic related parameters are computed and compared well with the existing results. The causes caused the aerodynamic characteristics are analyzed in detail. The study found that fluid-structure interaction between vortex and the blade imposed significant effects on the aerodynamic characteristics of the vertical-axis wind turbine blade.