基于火灾疏散安全指数的飞机客舱防火设计

Fire protection design in aircraft cabin based on fire evacuation safety index

为研究飞机客舱设计对防火性能的影响,首次提出火灾疏散安全指数(FESI)的概念.利用Pyro Sim及Pathfinder仿真软件对飞机客舱的火灾场景和疏散过程进行模拟,确定不同客舱内表面积、出口宽度和高度及搭载人数下出口的FESI,分析以上设计因素对客舱火灾疏散能力的影响.使用BP神经网络算法确定几种窄体飞机在确保火灾疏散安全情况下的最大搭载人数.并以B737-800飞机为例对其疏散方案进行优化,模拟结果表明:客舱的内部表面积、舱门尺寸及座位数都是显著影响客舱防火性能的设计因素,典型布置下的B737-800飞机最大承载人数为154人,在疏散方案优化后可增加至175人.所提出的FESI不仅可对现有飞机的防火性能进行评估,优化客舱布局及人员疏散方案,还可为国产大型飞机客舱防火设计提供依据,同时为其他领域的消防研究提供参考.

In order to study the influence of aircraft cabin design on fire protection performance, a concept of fire evacuation safety index （FESI） was firstly presented. The fire scenario and evacuation procedures in aircraft cabin were simulated via simulation software PyroSim and Pathfinder. FESI at different exits were determined under the scenarios of different internal surface area of cabin, width and height of the exit and population. An analysis was conducted to study the influence of such design factors to cabin fire evacuation performance. The maximum populations of several narrow-body aircrafts were determined using back-propagation （BP） neural network in case to ensure the safe evacuation. And an optimized evacuation program was pro- posed for B737 aircraft. The results reveal that internal surface area of cabin, width and height of the exits and numbers of seats are the design factors that significantly impact cabin fire protection performance. The maximum population of B737-800 under typical layout is 154. However, it may increase to 175 after optimizing to the evacuation program. The proposed concept of FESI not only performs an assessment for the existing aircrafts against fire protection performance and an optimization for cabin layout and evacuation program, but also provides a basis for fire protection design of domestic large aircraft cabin. In addition, it can also provide a reference for other areas of fire research.