郑州地区汉唐宋成年居民的身高研究

A Study of Human Statures of Skeletons Found in Han, Tang and Song Dynasty Tombs, Zhengzhou Area

本文对郑州地区荥阳薛村遗址和新郑多处遗址汉唐宋墓葬成年人骨标本(汉代55例,唐代22例,宋代39例)的肢骨进行了观察和测量,依据陈世贤和张继宗的黄种人身高推算公式,分别以肱骨、股骨和胫骨的最大长推算出三个时期两性的平均身高;汉、唐、宋男性的平均身高分别为169.52cm、167.03cm和164.49cm,女性的平均身高分别为159.11cm,158.39cm和156.17cm。对两性平均身高进行的独立样本T检验显示,汉、唐、宋两性平均身高均为男性大于女性,两性身高存在显著性差异;两性身高随着时代的发展大致呈下降的趋势,但身高的时代差异均不存在显著性意义。郑州汉唐宋两性身高呈现出的下降趋势,应该与这个历史时期中原地区汉民族与我国其他地区异族交流、融合有关,也可能是因为居民生存压力的增加和饮食的影响,也不排除人类身高微观演化的可能。较低的身高性二形性水平也许意味着郑州地区汉唐宋时期的两性不平等现象小于同时代的其他地区。本文的研究结论为了解郑州地区汉唐宋居民两性的健康发育等体质状况提供了有意义的参考。

In this paper, limb bones of adult skeletons （55 Han, 22 Tang and 39 Song） were observed and measured. These skeletons came from Han, Tang and Song dynasty tombs from the Xuecun site of Xingyang and other Xinzheng sites in Zhengzhou City. Statures have been calculated from the maximum lengths of the humeri, femora and tibiae according to formulae estimated by Chen Shixian and Zhang Jizong. The average statures of males in Han, Tang andSong dynasties are 169.52cm （159.11cm female）, 167.03cm （158.39cm female） and 164.49cm （156.17cm female）. T-tests were employed for comparisons of average statures between the sexes and dynasties. Differences between sexes were statistically significant in the same dynasty, but none of the differences between dynasties were statistically significant in the same sex. The decline of statures in the three dynasties could be associated with the integration of ethnic Han in the Central Plains and other populations in China. The decline might be caused by the increase in stress of survival and the influence of nutritional status. The lower degree of sexual dimorphism for the Zhengzhou skeletal series might indicate that differences of the quality and quantity of food received by men and women from Zhengzhou were less than the differences between both sexes from other areas during the Han, Tang and Song dynasties. This research shows that there are possible inequalities between the sexes, which was less than other areas.