社会运动研究:一个学术史的梳理

Research on Social Movement:A Review of Academic History

社会运动是一个值得重视的研究领域,它涉及了群体冲突、抗争、集体行动以及革命等行为。长期以来,在欧美学界逐渐形成一些主要的理论范式,包括古典的集体行为理论和社会结构变迁理论,资源动员理论和政治过程理论,新社会运动理论,再到20世纪90年代逐渐形成的框架建构理论等等,这些理论流派具有非常重要的影响。社会运动研究范式的变迁,也反映了研究层次从宏观到中观、微观解释的变化;以及理论内核从古典的社会心理和社会结构变迁解释,到占统治地位的理性主义解释,再到以意义建构和象征的文化解释的转变。对西方社会运动的主要理论流派进行梳理、考察和总结,可以为社会运动研究提供一个基本理论的知识谱系。进一步说,介绍西方的社会运动理论流派,也可以为本土化研究提供重要的参考。

Social movement is involved in the conflicts of groups, the struggle, the collective action and the revolution. The change of social movement research paradigm also reflects the change of the research level from macro to medium, and then to the microscopic interpretation, and the theoretical core from the interpretation of the classical social psychology and social structure change, to the dominant position of the rational interpretation, then to the change of cultural interpretation of significance construction and symbol. To sort out, review and sum up the main theoretical schools of the western social movement can provide a knowledge system with basic theory of social movement research. The introduction of western social movement theory schools can also provide an important reference for the localization of the research.