苏州工业园区水体浮游甲壳动物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系

Community characteristics of crustacean zooplankton and its relationship with environmental factors in Suzhou Industrial Park,Jiangsu Province,China

于2012年6月至2013年5月,对苏州工业园区湖泊和河流水体的浮游甲壳动物组成及群落结构进行了研究,分析了浮游甲壳动物的密度和生物量的年度变化,探讨其分布与水体理化因子间的关系.结果表明:园区水体有枝角类6科12属24种,桡足类7科13属18种,其中短尾秀体溞、长额象鼻溞、汤匙华哲水蚤及近邻剑水蚤在不同水体中不同季节均为优势种.在湖泊水体和河流水体中,浮游甲壳动物的密度和生物量表现为夏、秋季较高,冬、春季较低,且在夏、秋季分别具有2个峰值.枝角类平均密度和生物量在河流水体中均高于湖泊水体,两者间均具有显著差异;桡足类的平均密度在河流水体和湖泊水体间差异不显著,而平均生物量要显著高于湖泊水体.湖泊水体和河流水体在溶解氧、p H、透明度、总溶解固体、盐度、总磷、总氮及铵氮含量上均存在显著差异;冗余分析表明无论是湖泊水体还是河流水体,多数浮游甲壳动物的分布与水温、盐度、化学需氧量(CODMn)和总磷等指数呈正相关,只有枝角类中的溞属、船卵溞属种类的分布与水体溶解氧、p H值及透明度呈正相关.

The monthly sampling data from June 2012 to May 2013 were used to study the composition and structure of the crustacean zooplankton community in the lakes and rivers of Suzhou Industrial Park. The variations in density and biomass of the crustacean zooplankton and their relationship with the environment factors were investigated. The results showed that a total of 42 species of crustacean zooplankton were found,including 24 species of cladocerans which belonged to 6 families and 12 genera,and 18 copepods which belonged to 7 families and 13 genera. The dominant species were Diaphanosoma brachyurum,Bosmina longirostris,Sinocalanus dorrii and Cyclops vicinus in all seasons of the year both in the rivers and the lakes. The density and biomass of the crustacean zooplankton in summer and autumn were higher than that in winter and spring,and there were two peaks in summer and autumn respectively both in the lakes and the rivers. The average density and biomass of cladocerans in the rivers were significantly higher than that in the lakes. There was no significant difference in the average density of Copepods between the rivers and the lakes,but the biomass in the rivers was higher than that in the lakes significantly. There were significant differences in dissolved oxygen,p H,Secchi depth,total dissolved solids,salinity,total phosphorus,total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen between the lakes and the rivers. Redundancy analysis showed that the distribution of most of crustacean zooplankton was positively correlated with water temperature,the salinity,CODMnand total phosphorus concentrations and only the distribution of the species belonging to genus Daphnia and Scapholeberis was positively correlated with O2 concentration,p H,and Secchi depth in both the rivers and the lakes in Suzhou Industrial Park.