黄海和渤海沿海地区生态系统健康评价

Ecosystem health assessment of Yellow Sea and Bohai coastal areas

随着社会经济的发展,环境问题得到广泛的关注和重视,生态系统健康评价成为近年来生态环境领域的研究热点。本文以黄海和渤海沿海地区为研究区,以131个县区为评价单元。基于压力、状态和响应(PSR)模型,从人口、社会、经济、环境、景观、政策等方面综合考虑,根据社会经济统计数据和景观格局指数,构建了符合黄海和渤海沿海地区特点的生态系统健康评价模型,并计算出各评价单元的生态系统健康指数。结果表明:黄海和渤海沿海地区有84.73%的地区健康状况达到合格及以上水平;黄海和渤海沿海地区生态系统整体健康状况较好,系统对于自然和人工干扰有一定的抵抗力和恢复力,具备一定的自我调控能力。本文还分析了该地区所面对的各种潜在的压力,针对现状,结合这些潜在压力,提出了提高生态系统健康水平的建议。

Environmental issue has received more attentions with development of the society and economy. Recently, ecosystem health assessment has been considered as a hot topic in the field of ecological environment. In this paper, we took the Yellow Sea and Bohai coastal areas, cover- ing 131 counties, as the study area, and evaluated health level in each county that is identified as an individual evaluation unit. According to the latest data involving society and economy, we established the ecosystem health assessment model under the framework of Pressure-State-Re- sponse （PSR）. Multiple factors were taken into account in this model, including the population, society, economy, environment, landscape pattern and policy. Furthermore, we calculated the ecosystem health index in each county by the established model. The results showed that ecosys- tem heath levels in 84.73% of the study area reached the qualified level or above, indicating that the overall ecosystem in the Yellow Sea and Bohai coastal areas was relatively healthy and has self-adjustment ability resisting to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Finally, this paper also analyzed the potential pressures threatening the ecosystem and provided suggestions for improving the ecosystem heath.