北京八达岭林场野生药用植物多样性特征分析

Diversity of wild medicinal plants in Badaling Forest Farm

【目的】调查八达岭林场野生药用植物资源现状，为野生药用植物的保护和利用提供理论依据。【方法】采取路线调查和重点区域取样调查相结合的方法，并通过走访和查阅文献等，对八达岭地区野生药用植物多样性进行分析。【结果】野生药用植物共有69科184属260种，其中蕨类植物3科3属4种，裸子植物2科3属8种，被子植物64科178属248种。在生活型多样性上，草本药用植物共有202种，占药用植物总种数的77．69％，木本药用植物共有58种，占药用植物总种数的22．31％。含2～5个种的科有35个，占有绝对优势，占总科数的50．72％，共有95种，占药用植物总种数的36．54％；含有1个种的属占有明显的优势，占总属数的73．37％，所含种数是135种，占药用植物总种数的51．92％。全草类、根及根茎类药用植物最多，分别占药用植物总种数的40．OO％和33．85％，是八达岭地区药用植物主要药用部位。药用植物在阔叶林中的种类比在针叶林中多，大部分植被类型中，以草本层药用植物种类居多，而元宝槭纯林中则以灌木层药用植物居多。【结论】八达岭林场野生药用植物种类较多，药用功能丰富，在不同植被类型下呈多样性分布。

[Objective] This study investigated the the resources of wild medicinal plants in Badaling Forest Farm to provide theoretical basis for protection and utilization of the resources in the district. [Method] Route survey and detailed investigation in key areas combined method together with interview and literature review were used to identify medical plants. [Result] There were 260 wild medicinal species belonging to 69 families and 184 genera,including 3 families,3 genera,4 species of Pteridophyte,2 families, 3 genera,8 species of Gymnosperm, and 64 families, 178 genera, 248 species of Angiosperm. 202 species were herbs accounting for 77.69% in the Badaling Forest Farm. 58 species were woody plants with contri- bution of 22.31%. 35 families had 2--5 species with dominate advantages, accounting for 50.72 % of the total families. The total number was 95 ,accounting for 36.54% of total medical plants. The genera including 1 species with obvious advantages accounted for 73.37 % of the total genera. The total number of species was 135,accounting for 51.92%. Whole herb species and rhizome species were 40.00% and 33.85% ,respectively. Medicinal plants in broad-leaved forest were more than in coniferous forest. Medicinal plant spe- cies in herb layer were the most while they were the most in shrub layer of truncatum forests. [Conclusion]There were many medical plants in Badaling Forest Farm with rich functions.