昆阳磷矿废弃地16个主要树(草)种对重金属的富集特征

Heavy Metal Accumulation Capability of Tree Species in Kunyang Phosphate Mining Wasteland

选择昆阳磷矿区废弃地内16种用于人工植被恢复的主要树(草)种作为研究对象,测定其茎、叶中8种重金属含量,并对这些植物的重金属含量特征及其对重金属的富集特性进行研究分析。结果表明,重金属元素在不同植物不同器官内的含量变异程度很大,不同物种对不同重金属元素的选择吸收能力和富集水平存在显著差异,对Cu富集能力最强的是金竹,对Zn富集能力最强的是华山松,对Pb富集能力最强的是华山松,对Ni富集能力最强的是旱冬瓜,对Cr富集能力最强的是麻栎,对As富集能力最强的是火棘。用综合富集系数进行排序得出,华山松、旱冬瓜、金竹、红豆杉、波斯菊和火棘对重金属的综合富集系数均大于3.30,表现出重金属超富集植物的基本特征,可作为云南磷矿区废弃地植被恢复的优良修复植物进行推广运用。

This study measures the content of 8 heavy metals in the leaves and stems of 16 tree species used for ar- tificial vegetation restoration in the Kunyang phosphate mining wasteland. The heavy metalcontent characteristics and accumulation capabilities of these tree species are also analyzed. The results showed that heavy metal content varies between different organs, and the different tree species showed variedabsorption capacity and accumulation capability to different heavy metal elements. Cu accumulation ability is strongest in Phyllostachys sulphurea, Zn accumulation ability is strongest in Pinus armandii, Pb enrichment capability is strongest in Pinus armandii, Ni enrichment capability is strongest in Alnus nepalensis, Cr enrichment capability is strongest in Quercus acutissima, and enrichment capability of arsenic is strongest in Pyracantha fortuneana. The heavy metal accumulation capabili- ties of 16 tree species are ranked by using a concentration coefficient, and results show that the values of Pinus ar- mandii, Alnus nepalensis, Phyllostachys sulphurea, Taxus waUichian, Cosmos bipinnatus, and Pyracantha fortu- neana exceed 3.30, exhibiting basic characteristics of hyperaccumulators. These six tree species can be used for revegetation in the phosphate mining wasteland of Yunnan province.